nls: Add French translation of the cookbook.

3 files changed, 4981 insertions, 2 deletions

diff --git a/doc/local.mk b/doc/local.mk
index 53f41f1c877..6e1390a6e2f 100644
--- a/doc/local.mk
+++ b/doc/local.mk
@@ -28,7 +28,8 @@ info_TEXINFOS = %D%/guix.texi			\
   %D%/guix.ru.texi                              \
   %D%/guix.zh_CN.texi                           \
   %D%/guix-cookbook.texi                        \
-  %D%/guix-cookbook.de.texi
+  %D%/guix-cookbook.de.texi                     \
+  %D%/guix-cookbook.fr.texi
 
 %C%_guix_TEXINFOS = \
   %D%/contributing.texi \
diff --git a/po/doc/guix-cookbook.fr.po b/po/doc/guix-cookbook.fr.po
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e7cab77b765
--- /dev/null
+++ b/po/doc/guix-cookbook.fr.po
@@ -0,0 +1,4977 @@
+# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE
+# Copyright (C) YEAR the authors of Guix (msgids)
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the guix manual package.
+# Julien Lepiller <fedora-account@lepiller.eu>, 2021.
+# Francois Polito <francois@polito.se>, 2021.
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: guix manual checkout\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: bug-guix@gnu.org\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2021-01-25 00:00+0100\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-04-17 23:47+0000\n"
+"Last-Translator: Julien Lepiller <fedora-account@lepiller.eu>\n"
+"Language-Team: French <https://translate.fedoraproject.org/projects/guix/documentation-cookbook/fr/>\n"
+"Language: fr\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=n > 1;\n"
+"X-Generator: Weblate 4.5.3\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:7
+msgid "@documentencoding UTF-8"
+msgstr ""
+"@documentencoding UTF-8\n"
+"@documentlanguage fr\n"
+"@frenchspacing on"
+
+#. type: top
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:7 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:35
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:49
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "GNU Guix Cookbook"
+msgstr "Livre de recettes de GNU Guix"
+
+#. type: copying
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:20
+msgid "Copyright @copyright{} 2019 Ricardo Wurmus@* Copyright @copyright{} 2019 Efraim Flashner@* Copyright @copyright{} 2019 Pierre Neidhardt@* Copyright @copyright{} 2020 Oleg Pykhalov@* Copyright @copyright{} 2020 Matthew Brooks@* Copyright @copyright{} 2020 Marcin Karpezo@* Copyright @copyright{} 2020 Brice Waegeneire@* Copyright @copyright{} 2020 André Batista@* Copyright @copyright{} 2020 Christopher Lemmer Webber"
+msgstr ""
+"Copyright @copyright{} 2019 Ricardo Wurmus@*\n"
+"Copyright @copyright{} 2019 Efraim Flashner@*\n"
+"Copyright @copyright{} 2019 Pierre Neidhardt@*\n"
+"Copyright @copyright{} 2020 Oleg Pykhalov@*\n"
+"Copyright @copyright{} 2020 Matthew Brooks@*\n"
+"Copyright @copyright{} 2020 Marcin Karpezo@*\n"
+"Copyright @copyright{} 2020 Brice Waegeneire@*\n"
+"Copyright @copyright{} 2020 André Batista@*\n"
+"Copyright @copyright{} 2020 Christopher Lemmer Webber"
+
+#. type: copying
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:27
+msgid "Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation License''."
+msgstr "Vous avez la permission de copier, distribuer ou modifier ce document sous les termes de la Licence GNU Free Documentation, version 1.3 ou toute version ultérieure publiée par la Free Software Foundation ; sans section invariante, texte de couverture et sans texte de quatrième de couverture.  Une copie de la licence est incluse dans la section intitulée « GNU Free Documentation License »."
+
+#. type: dircategory
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:29
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "System administration"
+msgstr "Administration système"
+
+#. type: menuentry
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:32
+msgid "Guix cookbook: (guix-cookbook)"
+msgstr "Livre de recettes de Guix: (guix-cookbook.fr)"
+
+#. type: menuentry
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:32
+msgid "Tutorials and examples for GNU Guix."
+msgstr "Didacticiels et exemples pour GNU Guix."
+
+#. type: subtitle
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:36
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Tutorials and examples for using the GNU Guix Functional Package Manager"
+msgstr "Didacticiels et exemples d'utilisation du gestionnaire de paquets GNU Guix"
+
+#. type: author
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:37
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "The GNU Guix Developers"
+msgstr "Les développeurs de GNU Guix"
+
+#. type: node
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:48
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Top"
+msgstr "Top"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:55
+msgid "This document presents tutorials and detailed examples for GNU@tie{}Guix, a functional package management tool written for the GNU system.  Please @pxref{Top,,, guix, GNU Guix reference manual} for details about the system, its API, and related concepts."
+msgstr "Ce document propose des didacticiels et des exemples détaillés pour GNU@tie{}Guix, un outil de gestion des paquets fonctionnel écrit pour le système GNU. @pxref{Top,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de Guix} pour plus de détails sur le système, son API et les concepts associés."
+
+#.  You can replace the following paragraph with information on
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:63
+msgid "If you would like to translate this document in your native language, consider joining @uref{https://translate.fedoraproject.org/projects/guix/documentation-cookbook, Weblate}."
+msgstr "Si vous désirez traduire ce document dans votre langue maternelle, rejoignez @uref{https://translate.fedoraproject.org/projects/guix/documentation-cookbook, Weblate}."
+
+#. type: chapter
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:70 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:79
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:95 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:96
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Scheme tutorials"
+msgstr "Didacticiels pour Scheme"
+
+#. type: menuentry
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:70
+msgid "Meet your new favorite language!"
+msgstr "Découvrez votre nouveau langage préféré !"
+
+#. type: chapter
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:70 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:83
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:302 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:303
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Packaging"
+msgstr "Empaquetage"
+
+#. type: menuentry
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:70
+msgid "Packaging tutorials"
+msgstr "Didacticiel d'empaquetage"
+
+#. type: chapter
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:70 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:87
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1345 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1346
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "System Configuration"
+msgstr "Configuration du système"
+
+#. type: menuentry
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:70
+msgid "Customizing the GNU System"
+msgstr "Personnalisation du système GNU"
+
+#. type: chapter
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:70 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2394
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2395
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Advanced package management"
+msgstr "Gestion avancée des paquets"
+
+#. type: menuentry
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:70
+msgid "Power to the users!"
+msgstr "Le pouvoir aux utilisateurs !"
+
+#. type: chapter
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:70 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2792
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2793
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Environment management"
+msgstr "Gestion de l'environnement"
+
+#. type: menuentry
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:70
+msgid "Control environment"
+msgstr "Environnement de contrôle"
+
+#. type: chapter
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:74 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2916
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2917
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Acknowledgments"
+msgstr "Remerciements"
+
+#. type: menuentry
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:74
+msgid "Thanks!"
+msgstr "Merci !"
+
+#. type: appendix
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:74 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2941
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2942
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "GNU Free Documentation License"
+msgstr "La licence GNU Free Documentation"
+
+#. type: menuentry
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:74
+msgid "The license of this document."
+msgstr "La licence de ce document."
+
+#. type: unnumbered
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:74 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2947
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2948
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Concept Index"
+msgstr "Index des concepts"
+
+#. type: menuentry
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:74
+msgid "Concepts."
+msgstr "Les concepts."
+
+#. type: menuentry
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:77
+msgid "--- The Detailed Node Listing ---"
+msgstr "--- Liste détaillée des nœuds ---"
+
+#. type: section
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:81 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:109
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:110
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "A Scheme Crash Course"
+msgstr "Cours accéléré du language Scheme"
+
+#. type: menuentry
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:81
+msgid "Learn the basics of Scheme"
+msgstr "Apprenez les bases du langage Scheme"
+
+#. type: section
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:85 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:314
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:316 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:317
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Packaging Tutorial"
+msgstr "Didacticiel d'empaquetage"
+
+#. type: menuentry
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:85
+msgid "Let's add a package to Guix!"
+msgstr "Ajoutons un paquet à Guix !"
+
+#. type: section
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:89 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1364
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1366 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1367
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Customizing the Kernel"
+msgstr "Personnalisation du noyau"
+
+#. type: menuentry
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:89
+msgid "Creating and using a custom Linux kernel"
+msgstr "Créer et utiliser un noyau Linux personnalisé"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:102
+msgid "GNU@tie{}Guix is written in the general purpose programming language Scheme, and many of its features can be accessed and manipulated programmatically.  You can use Scheme to generate package definitions, to modify them, to build them, to deploy whole operating systems, etc."
+msgstr "GNU@tie{}Guix est écrit dans le langage de programmation Scheme.  Nombre de ses fonctionnalités peuvent être consultées et manipulées par programmation. Vous pouvez utiliser Scheme entre autres pour générer des définitions de paquets, pour les modifier, pour les compiler ou pour déployer des systèmes d'exploitation entiers."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:106
+msgid "Knowing the basics of how to program in Scheme will unlock many of the advanced features Guix provides --- and you don't even need to be an experienced programmer to use them!"
+msgstr "Connaître les bases de la programmation en Scheme vous permettra d'utiliser de nombreuses fonctionnalités avancées de Guix --- et vous n'avez pas besoin d'être un·e programmeur·euse chevronné·e !"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:108
+msgid "Let's get started!"
+msgstr "C'est parti !"
+
+#. type: cindex
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:112
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Scheme, crash course"
+msgstr "Scheme, cours accéléré"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:118
+msgid "Guix uses the Guile implementation of Scheme.  To start playing with the language, install it with @code{guix install guile} and start a @dfn{REPL}---short for @uref{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Read%E2%80%93eval%E2%80%93print_loop, @dfn{read-eval-print loop}}---by running @code{guile} from the command line."
+msgstr "Guix utilise l'implémentation Guile du langage Scheme. Pour commencer à jouer avec le langage, installez-le avec @code{guix install guile} et démarrer une @dfn{REPL}, une @uref{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Read%E2%80%93eval%E2%80%93print_loop, @dfn{boucle de lecture, évaluation, affichage}}, en lançant @code{guile} sur la ligne de commande."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:121
+msgid "Alternatively you can also run @code{guix environment --ad-hoc guile -- guile} if you'd rather not have Guile installed in your user profile."
+msgstr "Vous pouvez également lancer la commande @code{guix environment --ad-hoc guile -- guile} si vous préférez ne pas installer Guile dans votre profil utilisateur."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:127
+msgid "In the following examples, lines show what you would type at the REPL; lines starting with ``@result{}'' show evaluation results, while lines starting with ``@print{}'' show things that get printed.  @xref{Using Guile Interactively,,, guile, GNU Guile Reference Manual}, for more details on the REPL."
+msgstr "Dans les exemples suivants, les lignes montrent ce que vous devez taper sur la REPL ; les lignes commençant par « @result{} » montrent le résultat de l'évaluation, tandis que les lignes commençant par « @print{} » montrent ce qui est affiché. @xref{Using Guile Interactively,,, guile, GNU Guile Reference Manual}, pour plus d'information sur la REPL."
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:135
+msgid "Scheme syntax boils down to a tree of expressions (or @emph{s-expression} in Lisp lingo).  An expression can be a literal such as numbers and strings, or a compound which is a parenthesized list of compounds and literals.  @code{#true} and @code{#false} (abbreviated @code{#t} and @code{#f}) stand for the Booleans ``true'' and ``false'', respectively."
+msgstr "La syntaxe de Scheme se résume à un arbre d'expressions (ou une @emph{s-expression} dans le jargon Lisp). Une expression peut être un litéral comme un nombre ou une chaîne de caractères, ou composée d'une liste d'autres éléments composés et litéraux, entourée de parenthèses. @code{#true} et @code{#false} (abrégés @code{#t} et @code{#f}) correspondent aux booléens « vrai » et « faux »."
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:137
+msgid "Examples of valid expressions:"
+msgstr "Voici des exemples d'expressions valides :"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:141
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"\"Hello World!\"\n"
+"@result{} \"Hello World!\"\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\"Bonjour le monde !\"\n"
+"@result{} \"Bonjour le monde !\"\n"
+"\n"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:144
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"17\n"
+"@result{} 17\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"17\n"
+"@result{} 17\n"
+"\n"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:148
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(display (string-append \"Hello \" \"Guix\" \"\\n\"))\n"
+"@print{} Hello Guix!\n"
+"@result{} #<unspecified>\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(display (string-append \"Bonjour \" \"Guix\" \"\\n\"))\n"
+"@print{} Bonjour Guix\n"
+"@result{} #<unspecified>\n"
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:155
+msgid "This last example is a function call nested in another function call.  When a parenthesized expression is evaluated, the first term is the function and the rest are the arguments passed to the function.  Every function returns the last evaluated expression as its return value."
+msgstr "Ce dernier exemple est un appel de fonction imbriqué dans un autre appel de fonction. Lorsqu'une expression parenthésée est évaluée, le premier élément est la fonction et le reste sont les arguments passés à la fonction. Chaque fonction renvoie la dernière expression évaluée."
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:158
+msgid "Anonymous functions are declared with the @code{lambda} term:"
+msgstr "On peut déclarer des fonctions anonymes avec le terme @code{lambda} :"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:162
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(lambda (x) (* x x))\n"
+"@result{} #<procedure 120e348 at <unknown port>:24:0 (x)>\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(lambda (x) (* x x))\n"
+"@result{} #<procedure 120e348 at <unknown port>:24:0 (x)>\n"
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:167
+msgid "The above procedure returns the square of its argument.  Since everything is an expression, the @code{lambda} expression returns an anonymous procedure, which can in turn be applied to an argument:"
+msgstr "La procédure ci-dessus renvoie le carré de son argument. Comme tout est une expression, l'expression @code{lambda} renvoie une procédure anonyme, qui peut ensuite être appliquée à un argument :"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:171
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"((lambda (x) (* x x)) 3)\n"
+"@result{} 9\n"
+msgstr ""
+"((lambda (x) (* x x)) 3)\n"
+"@result{} 9\n"
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:175
+msgid "Anything can be assigned a global name with @code{define}:"
+msgstr "On peut assigner un nom global à tout ce qu'on veut avec @code{define} :"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:181
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(define a 3)\n"
+"(define square (lambda (x) (* x x)))\n"
+"(square a)\n"
+"@result{} 9\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(define a 3)\n"
+"(define square (lambda (x) (* x x)))\n"
+"(square a)\n"
+"@result{} 9\n"
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:185
+msgid "Procedures can be defined more concisely with the following syntax:"
+msgstr "On peut définir des procédure de manière plus concise avec la syntaxe suivante :"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:188
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "(define (square x) (* x x))\n"
+msgstr "(define (square x) (* x x))\n"
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:192
+msgid "A list structure can be created with the @code{list} procedure:"
+msgstr "On peut créer une structure de liste avec la procédure @code{list} :"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:196
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(list 2 a 5 7)\n"
+"@result{} (2 3 5 7)\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(list 2 a 5 7)\n"
+"@result{} (2 3 5 7)\n"
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:203
+msgid "The @dfn{quote} disables evaluation of a parenthesized expression: the first term is not called over the other terms (@pxref{Expression Syntax, quote,, guile, GNU Guile Reference Manual}).  Thus it effectively returns a list of terms."
+msgstr "La @dfn{quote} (l'apostrophe) désactive l'évaluation d'une expression parenthésée : le premier élément n'est pas appelé avec les autres éléments en argument (@pxref{Expression Syntax, quote,, guile, GNU Guile Reference Manual}). Donc, il renvoie une liste de termes."
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:207
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"'(display (string-append \"Hello \" \"Guix\" \"\\n\"))\n"
+"@result{} (display (string-append \"Hello \" \"Guix\" \"\\n\"))\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"'(display (string-append \"Bonjour \" \"Guix\" \"\\n\"))\n"
+"@result{} (display (string-append \"Bonjour \" \"Guix\" \"\\n\"))\n"
+"\n"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:210
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"'(2 a 5 7)\n"
+"@result{} (2 a 5 7)\n"
+msgstr ""
+"'(2 a 5 7)\n"
+"@result{} (2 a 5 7)\n"
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:216
+msgid "The @dfn{quasiquote} disables evaluation of a parenthesized expression until @dfn{unquote} (a comma) re-enables it.  Thus it provides us with fine-grained control over what is evaluated and what is not."
+msgstr "La @dfn{quasiquote} (l'apostrophe à l'envers) désactive l'évaluation d'une expression parenthésée jusqu'à ce qu'un @dfn{unquote} (une virgule) la réactive. De cette manière, on garde un contrôle fin sur ce qui est évalué et sur ce qui ne l'est pas."
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:220
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"`(2 a 5 7 (2 ,a 5 ,(+ a 4)))\n"
+"@result{} (2 a 5 7 (2 3 5 7))\n"
+msgstr ""
+"`(2 a 5 7 (2 ,a 5 ,(+ a 4)))\n"
+"@result{} (2 a 5 7 (2 3 5 7))\n"
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:224
+msgid "Note that the above result is a list of mixed elements: numbers, symbols (here @code{a}) and the last element is a list itself."
+msgstr "Remarquez que le résultat ci-dessus est une liste d'éléments mixtes : des nombres, des symboles (ici @code{a}) et le dernier élément est aussi une liste."
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:228
+msgid "Multiple variables can be named locally with @code{let} (@pxref{Local Bindings,,, guile, GNU Guile Reference Manual}):"
+msgstr "On peut nommer localement plusieurs variables avec @code{let} (@pxref{Local Bindings,,, guile, GNU Guile Reference Manual}) :"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:235
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(define x 10)\n"
+"(let ((x 2)\n"
+"      (y 3))\n"
+"  (list x y))\n"
+"@result{} (2 3)\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(define x 10)\n"
+"(let ((x 2)\n"
+"      (y 3))\n"
+"  (list x y))\n"
+"@result{} (2 3)\n"
+"\n"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:238
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"x\n"
+"@result{} 10\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"x\n"
+"@result{} 10\n"
+"\n"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:241
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"y\n"
+"@error{} In procedure module-lookup: Unbound variable: y\n"
+msgstr ""
+"y\n"
+"@error{} In procedure module-lookup: Unbound variable: y\n"
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:245
+msgid "Use @code{let*} to allow later variable declarations to refer to earlier definitions."
+msgstr "On peut utiliser @code{let*} pour permettre au déclarations de variables ultérieures d'utiliser les définitions précédentes."
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:251
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(let* ((x 2)\n"
+"       (y (* x 3)))\n"
+"  (list x y))\n"
+"@result{} (2 6)\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(let* ((x 2)\n"
+"       (y (* x 3)))\n"
+"  (list x y))\n"
+"@result{} (2 6)\n"
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:258
+msgid "@dfn{Keywords} are typically used to identify the named parameters of a procedure.  They are prefixed by @code{#:} (hash, colon) followed by alphanumeric characters: @code{#:like-this}.  @xref{Keywords,,, guile, GNU Guile Reference Manual}."
+msgstr "On utilise typiquement des @dfn{mot-clés} pour identifier les paramètres nommés d'une procédure. Ils sont précédés de @code{#:} (dièse, deux-points) suivi par des caractères alphanumériques : @code{#:comme-ça}. @xref{Keywords,,, guile, GNU Guile Reference Manual}."
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:263
+msgid "The percentage @code{%} is typically used for read-only global variables in the build stage.  Note that it is merely a convention, like @code{_} in C.  Scheme treats @code{%} exactly the same as any other letter."
+msgstr "On utilise souvent le signe pourcent @code{%} pour les variables globales non modifiables à l'étape de construction. Remarquez que ce n'est qu'une convention, comme @code{_} en C. Scheme traite @code{%} de la même manière que les autres lettres."
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:267
+msgid "Modules are created with @code{define-module} (@pxref{Creating Guile Modules,,, guile, GNU Guile Reference Manual}).  For instance"
+msgstr "On peut créer des modules avec @code{define-module} (@pxref{Creating Guile Modules,,, guile, GNU Guile Reference Manual}). Par exemple :"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:273
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(define-module (guix build-system ruby)\n"
+"  #:use-module (guix store)\n"
+"  #:export (ruby-build\n"
+"            ruby-build-system))\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(define-module (guix build-system ruby)\n"
+"  #:use-module (guix store)\n"
+"  #:export (ruby-build\n"
+"            ruby-build-system))\n"
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:279
+msgid "defines the module @code{guix build-system ruby} which must be located in @file{guix/build-system/ruby.scm} somewhere in the Guile load path.  It depends on the @code{(guix store)} module and it exports two variables, @code{ruby-build} and @code{ruby-build-system}."
+msgstr "défini le module @code{guix build-system ruby} qui doit se situer dans @file{guix/build-system/ruby.scm} quelque part dans le chemin de recherche de Guile. Il dépend du module @code{(guix store)} et exporte deux variables, @code{ruby-build} et @code{ruby-build-system}."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:284
+msgid "For a more detailed introduction, check out @uref{http://www.troubleshooters.com/codecorn/scheme_guile/hello.htm, Scheme at a Glance}, by Steve Litt."
+msgstr "Pour une introduction plus détaillée, consultez @uref{http://www.troubleshooters.com/codecorn/scheme_guile/hello.htm, Scheme at a Glance}, par Steve Litt."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:296
+msgid "One of the reference Scheme books is the seminal ``Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs'', by Harold Abelson and Gerald Jay Sussman, with Julie Sussman.  You'll find a @uref{https://mitpress.mit.edu/sites/default/files/sicp/index.html, free copy online}, together with @uref{https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-001-structure-and-interpretation-of-computer-programs-spring-2005/video-lectures/, videos of the lectures by the authors}.  The book is available in Texinfo format as the @code{sicp} Guix package.  Go ahead, run @code{guix install sicp} and start reading with @code{info sicp} (@pxref{,,, sicp, Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs}).  An @uref{https://sarabander.github.io/sicp/, unofficial ebook is also available}."
+msgstr "L'un des livres de référence majeurs pour Scheme est « Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs » de Harold Abelson et Gerald Jay Sussman, avec Julie Sussman. Vous trouverez une @uref{https://mitpress.mit.edu/sites/default/files/sicp/index.html,copie gratuite en ligne}, avec @uref{https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-001-structure-and-interpretation-of-computer-programs-spring-2005/video-lectures/, les vidéos des cours donnés par les auteurs, en anglais}. Le livre est disponible au format Texinfo dans le paquet Guix @code{sicp}. Allez-y, lancez @code{guix install sicp} et commencez à le lire avec @code{info sicp} (@pxref{,,, sicp, Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs}). Un @uref{https://sarabander.github.io/sicp/,livre électronique officieux est aussi disponible}."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:299
+msgid "You'll find more books, tutorials and other resources at @url{https://schemers.org/}."
+msgstr "Vous trouverez plus de livres, de didacticiels et d'autres ressources sur @url{https://schemers.org/}."
+
+#. type: cindex
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:305
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "packaging"
+msgstr "empaquetage"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:311
+msgid "This chapter is dedicated to teaching you how to add packages to the collection of packages that come with GNU Guix.  This involves writing package definitions in Guile Scheme, organizing them in package modules, and building them."
+msgstr "Ce chapitre est conçu pour vous enseigner comment ajouter des paquets à la collection de paquets de GNU Guix. Pour cela, vous devrez écrire des définitions de paquets en Guile Scheme, les organiser en modules et les construire."
+
+#. type: menuentry
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:314
+msgid "A tutorial on how to add packages to Guix."
+msgstr "Un didacticiel sur la manière d'ajouter des paquets à Guix."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:325
+msgid "GNU Guix stands out as the @emph{hackable} package manager, mostly because it uses @uref{https://www.gnu.org/software/guile/, GNU Guile}, a powerful high-level programming language, one of the @uref{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheme_%28programming_language%29, Scheme} dialects from the @uref{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisp_%28programming_language%29, Lisp family}."
+msgstr "GNU Guix se démarque des autres gestionnaire de paquets en étant @emph{bidouillable}, surtout parce qu'il utilise @uref{https://www.gnu.org/software/guile/,GNU Guile}, un langage de programmation de haut-niveau puissant, l'un des dialectes @uref{https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheme, Scheme} de @uref{https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisp, la famille Lisp}."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:329
+msgid "Package definitions are also written in Scheme, which empowers Guix in some very unique ways, unlike most other package managers that use shell scripts or simple languages."
+msgstr "Les définitions de paquets sont aussi écrites en Scheme, ce qui le rend plus puissant de manière assez unique par rapport aux autres gestionnaires de paquets qui utilisent des scripts shell ou des langages simples."
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:334
+msgid "Use functions, structures, macros and all of Scheme expressiveness for your package definitions."
+msgstr "Vous pouvez utiliser des fonctions, des structures, des macros et toute l'expressivité de Scheme dans vos définitions de paquets."
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:338
+msgid "Inheritance makes it easy to customize a package by inheriting from it and modifying only what is needed."
+msgstr "L'héritage facilite la personnalisation d'un paquet en héritant d'un autre et en modifiant uniquement les points nécessaires."
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:348
+msgid "Batch processing: the whole package collection can be parsed, filtered and processed.  Building a headless server with all graphical interfaces stripped out? It's possible.  Want to rebuild everything from source using specific compiler optimization flags? Pass the @code{#:make-flags \"...\"} argument to the list of packages.  It wouldn't be a stretch to think @uref{https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/USE_flag, Gentoo USE flags} here, but this goes even further: the changes don't have to be thought out beforehand by the packager, they can be @emph{programmed} by the user!"
+msgstr "Traitement par lot : la collection des paquets entière peut être analysée, filtrée et traitée. Vous voulez construire un serveur sans interface graphique ? C'est possible. Vous voulez tout reconstruire à partir des sources avec des drapeaux d'optimisation spécifiques ? Passez l'argument @code{#:make-flags \"…\"} à la liste des paquets. Ce ne serait pas aberrant de penser @uref{https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/USE_flag, au drapeau USE de Gentoo}, mais cela va plus loin : la personne qui crée les paquets n'a pas besoin de penser à l'avance à ces changements, ils peuvent être @emph{programmés} par l'utilisateur ou l'utilisatrice !"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:354
+msgid "The following tutorial covers all the basics around package creation with Guix.  It does not assume much knowledge of the Guix system nor of the Lisp language.  The reader is only expected to be familiar with the command line and to have some basic programming knowledge."
+msgstr "Le didacticiel suivant traite des bases de la création de paquets avec Guix. Il ne présuppose aucune connaissance du système Guix ni du langage Lisp. On ne s'attend qu'à ce que vous aillez une certaine familiarité avec la ligne de commande et des connaissances de base en programmation."
+
+#. type: subsection
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:355 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:356
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "A ``Hello World'' package"
+msgstr "Un paquet « hello world »"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:361
+msgid "The ``Defining Packages'' section of the manual introduces the basics of Guix packaging (@pxref{Defining Packages,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}).  In the following section, we will partly go over those basics again."
+msgstr "La section « Définir des paquets » du manuel explique les bases de l'empaquetage avec Guix (@pxref{Définir des paquets,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix}). Dans la section suivante, nous reparlerons en partie de ces bases."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:367
+msgid "GNU@tie{}Hello is a dummy project that serves as an idiomatic example for packaging.  It uses the GNU build system (@code{./configure && make && make install}).  Guix already provides a package definition which is a perfect example to start with.  You can look up its declaration with @code{guix edit hello} from the command line.  Let's see how it looks:"
+msgstr "GNU@tie{}Hello est un exemple de projet qui sert d'exemple idiomatique pour l'empaquetage. Il utilise le système de construction de GNU (@code{./configure && make && make install}). Guix fournit déjà une définition de paquet qui est un parfait exemple pour commencer. Vous pouvez voir sa déclaration avec @code{guix edit hello} depuis la ligne de commande. Voyons à quoi elle ressemble :"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:388
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(define-public hello\n"
+"  (package\n"
+"    (name \"hello\")\n"
+"    (version \"2.10\")\n"
+"    (source (origin\n"
+"              (method url-fetch)\n"
+"              (uri (string-append \"mirror://gnu/hello/hello-\" version\n"
+"                                  \".tar.gz\"))\n"
+"              (sha256\n"
+"               (base32\n"
+"                \"0ssi1wpaf7plaswqqjwigppsg5fyh99vdlb9kzl7c9lng89ndq1i\"))))\n"
+"    (build-system gnu-build-system)\n"
+"    (synopsis \"Hello, GNU world: An example GNU package\")\n"
+"    (description\n"
+"     \"GNU Hello prints the message \\\"Hello, world!\\\" and then exits.  It\n"
+"serves as an example of standard GNU coding practices.  As such, it supports\n"
+"command-line arguments, multiple languages, and so on.\")\n"
+"    (home-page \"https://www.gnu.org/software/hello/\")\n"
+"    (license gpl3+)))\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(define-public hello\n"
+"  (package\n"
+"    (name \"hello\")\n"
+"    (version \"2.10\")\n"
+"    (source (origin\n"
+"              (method url-fetch)\n"
+"              (uri (string-append \"mirror://gnu/hello/hello-\" version\n"
+"                                  \".tar.gz\"))\n"
+"              (sha256\n"
+"               (base32\n"
+"                \"0ssi1wpaf7plaswqqjwigppsg5fyh99vdlb9kzl7c9lng89ndq1i\"))))\n"
+"    (build-system gnu-build-system)\n"
+"    (synopsis \"Hello, GNU world: An example GNU package\")\n"
+"    (description\n"
+"     \"GNU Hello prints the message \\\"Hello, world!\\\" and then exits.  It\n"
+"serves as an example of standard GNU coding practices.  As such, it supports\n"
+"command-line arguments, multiple languages, and so on.\")\n"
+"    (home-page \"https://www.gnu.org/software/hello/\")\n"
+"    (license gpl3+)))\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:392
+msgid "As you can see, most of it is rather straightforward.  But let's review the fields together:"
+msgstr "Comme vous pouvez le voir, la plus grosse partie est assez simple. Mais examinons les champs ensemble :"
+
+#. type: item
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:394
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "name"
+msgstr "name"
+
+#. type: table
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:397
+msgid "The project name.  Using Scheme conventions, we prefer to keep it lower case, without underscore and using dash-separated words."
+msgstr "Le nom du projet. Avec les conventions de Scheme, on préfère le laisser en minuscule, sans tiret du bas, en séparant les mots par des tirets."
+
+#. type: item
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:398
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "source"
+msgstr "source"
+
+#. type: table
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:401
+msgid "This field contains a description of the source code origin.  The @code{origin} record contains these fields:"
+msgstr "Ce champ contient une description de l'origine du code source. L'enregistrement @code{origin} contient ces champs :"
+
+#. type: item
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:403
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "The method, here @code{url-fetch} to download via HTTP/FTP, but other methods"
+msgstr "La méthode, ici @code{url-fetch} pour télécharger via HTTP/FTP, mais d'autres méthodes"
+
+#. type: enumerate
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:405
+msgid "exist, such as @code{git-fetch} for Git repositories."
+msgstr "existent, comme @code{git-fetch} pour les dépôts Git."
+
+#. type: item
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:405
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "The URI, which is typically some @code{https://} location for @code{url-fetch}.  Here"
+msgstr "L'URI, qui est typiquement un emplacement @code{https://} pour @code{url-fetch}. Ici"
+
+#. type: enumerate
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:408
+msgid "the special `mirror://gnu` refers to a set of well known locations, all of which can be used by Guix to fetch the source, should some of them fail."
+msgstr "le code spécial « mirror://gnu » fait référence à une ensemble d'emplacements bien connus, qui peuvent tous être utilisés par Guix pour récupérer la source, si l'un d'entre eux échoue."
+
+#. type: item
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:408
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "The @code{sha256} checksum of the requested file.  This is essential to ensure"
+msgstr "La somme de contrôle @code{sha256} du fichier demandé. C'est essentiel pour s'assurer"
+
+#. type: enumerate
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:411
+msgid "the source is not corrupted.  Note that Guix works with base32 strings, hence the call to the @code{base32} function."
+msgstr "que la source n'est pas corrompue. Remarquez que Guix fonctionne avec des chaînes en base32, d'où l'appel à la fonction @code{base32}."
+
+#. type: item
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:413
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "build-system"
+msgstr "build-system"
+
+#. type: table
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:422
+msgid "This is where the power of abstraction provided by the Scheme language really shines: in this case, the @code{gnu-build-system} abstracts away the famous @code{./configure && make && make install} shell invocations.  Other build systems include the @code{trivial-build-system} which does not do anything and requires from the packager to program all the build steps, the @code{python-build-system}, the @code{emacs-build-system}, and many more (@pxref{Build Systems,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual})."
+msgstr "C'est ici que la puissance d'abstraction du langage Scheme brille de toute sa splendeur : dans ce cas, le @code{gnu-build-system} permet d'abstraire les fameuses invocations shell @code{./configure && make && make install}. Parmi les autres systèmes de construction on trouve le @code{trivial-build-system} qui ne fait rien et demande de programmer toutes les étapes de construction, le @code{python-build-system}, @code{emacs-build-system} et bien d'autres (@pxref{Systèmes de construction,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix})."
+
+#. type: item
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:423
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "synopsis"
+msgstr "synopsis"
+
+#. type: table
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:426
+msgid "It should be a concise summary of what the package does.  For many packages a tagline from the project's home page can be used as the synopsis."
+msgstr "Le synopsis devrait être un résumé court de ce que fait le paquet. Pour beaucoup de paquets, le slogan de la page d'accueil du projet est approprié pour le synopsis."
+
+#. type: item
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:427
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "description"
+msgstr "description"
+
+#. type: table
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:430
+msgid "Same as for the synopsis, it's fine to re-use the project description from the homepage.  Note that Guix uses Texinfo syntax."
+msgstr "Comme le synopsis, vous pouvez réutiliser la description de la page d'accueil du projet. Remarquez que Guix utilise la syntaxe Texinfo."
+
+#. type: item
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:431
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "home-page"
+msgstr "home-page"
+
+#. type: table
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:433
+msgid "Use HTTPS if available."
+msgstr "Utilisez l'adresse en HTTPS si elle est disponible."
+
+#. type: item
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:434
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "license"
+msgstr "license"
+
+#. type: table
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:437
+msgid "See @code{guix/licenses.scm} in the project source for a full list of available licenses."
+msgstr "Voir @code{guix/licenses.scm} dans les sources du projet pour une liste complète des licences disponibles."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:441
+msgid "Time to build our first package! Nothing fancy here for now: we will stick to a dummy @code{my-hello}, a copy of the above declaration."
+msgstr "Il est temps de construire notre premier paquet ! Rien de bien compliqué pour l'instant : nous allons garder notre exemple avec @code{my-hello}, une copie de la déclaration montrée plus haut."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:445
+msgid "As with the ritualistic ``Hello World'' taught with most programming languages, this will possibly be the most ``manual'' approach.  We will work out an ideal setup later; for now we will go the simplest route."
+msgstr "Comme avec le rituel « Hello World » enseigné avec la plupart des langages de programmation, ce sera sans doute l'approche la plus « manuelle » d'empaquetage que vous utiliserez. Nous vous montrerons une configuration idéale plus tard, pour l'instant nous allons suivre la voie la plus simple."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:447
+msgid "Save the following to a file @file{my-hello.scm}."
+msgstr "Enregistrez ce qui suit dans un fichier nommé @file{my-hello.scm}."
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:453
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(use-modules (guix packages)\n"
+"             (guix download)\n"
+"             (guix build-system gnu)\n"
+"             (guix licenses))\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(use-modules (guix packages)\n"
+"             (guix download)\n"
+"             (guix build-system gnu)\n"
+"             (guix licenses))\n"
+"\n"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:472
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(package\n"
+"  (name \"my-hello\")\n"
+"  (version \"2.10\")\n"
+"  (source (origin\n"
+"            (method url-fetch)\n"
+"            (uri (string-append \"mirror://gnu/hello/hello-\" version\n"
+"                                \".tar.gz\"))\n"
+"            (sha256\n"
+"             (base32\n"
+"              \"0ssi1wpaf7plaswqqjwigppsg5fyh99vdlb9kzl7c9lng89ndq1i\"))))\n"
+"  (build-system gnu-build-system)\n"
+"  (synopsis \"Hello, Guix world: An example custom Guix package\")\n"
+"  (description\n"
+"   \"GNU Hello prints the message \\\"Hello, world!\\\" and then exits.  It\n"
+"serves as an example of standard GNU coding practices.  As such, it supports\n"
+"command-line arguments, multiple languages, and so on.\")\n"
+"  (home-page \"https://www.gnu.org/software/hello/\")\n"
+"  (license gpl3+))\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(package\n"
+"  (name \"my-hello\")\n"
+"  (version \"2.10\")\n"
+"  (source (origin\n"
+"            (method url-fetch)\n"
+"            (uri (string-append \"mirror://gnu/hello/hello-\" version\n"
+"                                \".tar.gz\"))\n"
+"            (sha256\n"
+"             (base32\n"
+"              \"0ssi1wpaf7plaswqqjwigppsg5fyh99vdlb9kzl7c9lng89ndq1i\"))))\n"
+"  (build-system gnu-build-system)\n"
+"  (synopsis \"Hello, Guix world: An example custom Guix package\")\n"
+"  (description\n"
+"   \"GNU Hello prints the message \\\"Hello, world!\\\" and then exits.  It\n"
+"serves as an example of standard GNU coding practices.  As such, it supports\n"
+"command-line arguments, multiple languages, and so on.\")\n"
+"  (home-page \"https://www.gnu.org/software/hello/\")\n"
+"  (license gpl3+))\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:475
+msgid "We will explain the extra code in a moment."
+msgstr "Nous allons expliquer le code supplémentaire dans un moment."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:482
+msgid "Feel free to play with the different values of the various fields.  If you change the source, you'll need to update the checksum.  Indeed, Guix refuses to build anything if the given checksum does not match the computed checksum of the source code.  To obtain the correct checksum of the package declaration, we need to download the source, compute the sha256 checksum and convert it to base32."
+msgstr "Essayez de jouer avec les différentes valeurs des différents champs. Si vous changez la source, vous devrez mettre à jour la somme de contrôle. En fait, Guix refusera de construire quoi que ce soit si la somme de contrôle donnée ne correspond pas à la somme de contrôle calculée de la source téléchargée. Pour obtenir la bonne somme de contrôle pour une déclaration de paquet, vous devrez télécharger la source, calculer la somme de contrôle sha256 et la convertir en base32."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:485
+msgid "Thankfully, Guix can automate this task for us; all we need is to provide the URI:"
+msgstr "Heureusement, Guix peut automatiser cette tache pour nous ; tout ce qu'on doit faire est de lui fournir l'URI :"
+
+#.  This is example shell output.
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:489
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"$ guix download mirror://gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"$ guix download mirror://gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz\n"
+"\n"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:496
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"Starting download of /tmp/guix-file.JLYgL7\n"
+"From https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz...\n"
+"following redirection to `https://mirror.ibcp.fr/pub/gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz'...\n"
+" …10.tar.gz  709KiB                                 2.5MiB/s 00:00 [##################] 100.0%\n"
+"/gnu/store/hbdalsf5lpf01x4dcknwx6xbn6n5km6k-hello-2.10.tar.gz\n"
+"0ssi1wpaf7plaswqqjwigppsg5fyh99vdlb9kzl7c9lng89ndq1i\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Starting download of /tmp/guix-file.JLYgL7\n"
+"From https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz...\n"
+"following redirection to `https://mirror.ibcp.fr/pub/gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz'...\n"
+" …10.tar.gz  709KiB                                 2.5MiB/s 00:00 [##################] 100.0%\n"
+"/gnu/store/hbdalsf5lpf01x4dcknwx6xbn6n5km6k-hello-2.10.tar.gz\n"
+"0ssi1wpaf7plaswqqjwigppsg5fyh99vdlb9kzl7c9lng89ndq1i\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:501
+msgid "In this specific case the output tells us which mirror was chosen.  If the result of the above command is not the same as in the above snippet, update your @code{my-hello} declaration accordingly."
+msgstr "Dans ce cas particulier, la sortie nous dit quel miroir a été choisi. Si le résultat de la commande au-dessus n'est pas le même que ce qui est montré, mettez à jour votre déclaration @code{my-hello} en fonction."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:505
+msgid "Note that GNU package tarballs come with an OpenPGP signature, so you should definitely check the signature of this tarball with `gpg` to authenticate it before going further:"
+msgstr "Remarquez que les archives des paquets GNU sont accompagnées de leur signature OpenPGP, donc vous devriez vérifier la signature de cette archive avec « gpg » pour l'authentifier avant d'aller plus loin :"
+
+#.  This is example shell output.
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:509
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"$ guix download mirror://gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz.sig\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"$ guix download mirror://gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz.sig\n"
+"\n"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:524
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"Starting download of /tmp/guix-file.03tFfb\n"
+"From https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz.sig...\n"
+"following redirection to `https://ftp.igh.cnrs.fr/pub/gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz.sig'...\n"
+" ….tar.gz.sig  819B                                                                                                                       1.2MiB/s 00:00 [##################] 100.0%\n"
+"/gnu/store/rzs8wba9ka7grrmgcpfyxvs58mly0sx6-hello-2.10.tar.gz.sig\n"
+"0q0v86n3y38z17rl146gdakw9xc4mcscpk8dscs412j22glrv9jf\n"
+"$ gpg --verify /gnu/store/rzs8wba9ka7grrmgcpfyxvs58mly0sx6-hello-2.10.tar.gz.sig /gnu/store/hbdalsf5lpf01x4dcknwx6xbn6n5km6k-hello-2.10.tar.gz\n"
+"gpg: Signature made Sun 16 Nov 2014 01:08:37 PM CET\n"
+"gpg:                using RSA key A9553245FDE9B739\n"
+"gpg: Good signature from \"Sami Kerola <kerolasa@@iki.fi>\" [unknown]\n"
+"gpg:                 aka \"Sami Kerola (http://www.iki.fi/kerolasa/) <kerolasa@@iki.fi>\" [unknown]\n"
+"gpg: WARNING: This key is not certified with a trusted signature!\n"
+"gpg:          There is no indication that the signature belongs to the owner.\n"
+"Primary key fingerprint: 8ED3 96E3 7E38 D471 A005  30D3 A955 3245 FDE9 B739\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Starting download of /tmp/guix-file.03tFfb\n"
+"From https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz.sig...\n"
+"following redirection to `https://ftp.igh.cnrs.fr/pub/gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz.sig'...\n"
+" ….tar.gz.sig  819B                                                                                                                       1.2MiB/s 00:00 [##################] 100.0%\n"
+"/gnu/store/rzs8wba9ka7grrmgcpfyxvs58mly0sx6-hello-2.10.tar.gz.sig\n"
+"0q0v86n3y38z17rl146gdakw9xc4mcscpk8dscs412j22glrv9jf\n"
+"$ gpg --verify /gnu/store/rzs8wba9ka7grrmgcpfyxvs58mly0sx6-hello-2.10.tar.gz.sig /gnu/store/hbdalsf5lpf01x4dcknwx6xbn6n5km6k-hello-2.10.tar.gz\n"
+"gpg: Signature faite le dim. 16 nov. 2014 13:08:37 CET\n"
+"gpg:                avec la clef RSA A9553245FDE9B739\n"
+"gpg: Bonne signature de « Sami Kerola (https://www.iki.fi/kerolasa/) <kerolasa@@iki.fi> » [inconnu]\n"
+"gpg: Attention : cette clef n'est pas certifiée avec une signature de confiance.\n"
+"gpg:             Rien n'indique que la signature appartient à son propriétaire.\n"
+"Empreinte de clef principale : 8ED3 96E3 7E38 D471 A005  30D3 A955 3245 FDE9 B739\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:527
+msgid "You can then happily run"
+msgstr "Vous pouvez ensuite lancer"
+
+#.  Do not translate this command
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:531
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "$ guix package --install-from-file=my-hello.scm\n"
+msgstr "$ guix package --install-from-file=my-hello.scm\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:534
+msgid "You should now have @code{my-hello} in your profile!"
+msgstr "Vous devriez maintenant avoir @code{my-hello} dans votre profil !"
+
+#.  Do not translate this command
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:540
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"$ guix package --list-installed=my-hello\n"
+"my-hello\t2.10\tout\n"
+"/gnu/store/f1db2mfm8syb8qvc357c53slbvf1g9m9-my-hello-2.10\n"
+msgstr ""
+"$ guix package --list-installed=my-hello\n"
+"my-hello\t2.10\tout\n"
+"/gnu/store/f1db2mfm8syb8qvc357c53slbvf1g9m9-my-hello-2.10\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:545
+msgid "We've gone as far as we could without any knowledge of Scheme.  Before moving on to more complex packages, now is the right time to brush up on your Scheme knowledge.  @pxref{A Scheme Crash Course} to get up to speed."
+msgstr "Nous sommes allés aussi loin que possible sans aucune connaissance de Scheme. Avant de continuer sur des paquets plus complexes, il est maintenant temps de vous renforcer sur votre connaissance du langage Scheme. @pxref{A Scheme Crash Course} pour démarrer."
+
+#. type: subsection
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:546 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:547
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Setup"
+msgstr "Configuration"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:552
+msgid "In the rest of this chapter we will rely on some basic Scheme programming knowledge.  Now let's detail the different possible setups for working on Guix packages."
+msgstr "Dans le reste de ce chapitre, nous nous appuierons sur vos connaissances de base du langage Scheme. Maintenant voyons les différentes configurations possibles pour travailler sur des paquets Guix."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:554
+msgid "There are several ways to set up a Guix packaging environment."
+msgstr "Il y a plusieurs moyens de mettre en place un environnement d'empaquetage pour Guix."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:557
+msgid "We recommend you work directly on the Guix source checkout since it makes it easier for everyone to contribute to the project."
+msgstr "Nous vous recommandons de travailler directement dans le dépôt des sources de Guix car ça facilitera la contribution au projet."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:559
+msgid "But first, let's look at other possibilities."
+msgstr "Mais d'bord, voyons les autres possibilités."
+
+#. type: subsubsection
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:560 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:561
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Local file"
+msgstr "Fichier local"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:566
+msgid "This is what we previously did with @samp{my-hello}.  With the Scheme basics we've covered, we are now able to explain the leading chunks.  As stated in @code{guix package --help}:"
+msgstr "C'est ce que nous venons de faire avec @samp{my-hello}. Avec les bases de Scheme que nous vous avons présentées, nous pouvons maintenant éclairer le sens du début du fichier. Comme le dit @code{guix package --help} :"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:571
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"  -f, --install-from-file=FILE\n"
+"                         install the package that the code within FILE\n"
+"                         evaluates to\n"
+msgstr ""
+"  -f, --install-from-file=FICHIER\n"
+"                         installer le paquet évalué par le code dans\n"
+"                         FICHIER\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:575
+msgid "Thus the last expression @emph{must} return a package, which is the case in our earlier example."
+msgstr "Ainsi, la dernière expression @emph{doit} renvoyer un paquet, ce qui est le cas dans notre exemple précédent."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:579
+msgid "The @code{use-modules} expression tells which of the modules we need in the file.  Modules are a collection of values and procedures.  They are commonly called ``libraries'' or ``packages'' in other programming languages."
+msgstr "L'expression @code{use-modules} indique quels modules sont nécessaires dans le fichier. Les modules sont des collections de valeurs et de procédures. Ils sont souvent appelés « bibliothèques » ou « paquets » dans d'autres langages de programmation."
+
+#. type: node
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:580
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "@samp{GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH}"
+msgstr "@samp{GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH}"
+
+#. type: samp{#1}
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:581
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH"
+msgstr "GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH"
+
+#. type: emph{#1}
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:585
+msgid "Note: Starting from Guix 0.16, the more flexible Guix @dfn{channels} are the preferred way and supersede @samp{GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH}.  See next section."
+msgstr "Remarque : à partir de Guix 0.16, les @dfn{canaux} plus flexibles sont préférables et remplacent @samp{GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH}. Voir la section suivante."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:589
+msgid "It can be tedious to specify the file from the command line instead of simply calling @code{guix package --install my-hello} as you would do with the official packages."
+msgstr "Il peut être fastidieux de spécifier le fichier depuis la ligne de commande par rapport à un appel à @code{guix package --install my-hello} comme on le ferait pour les paquets officiels."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:592
+msgid "Guix makes it possible to streamline the process by adding as many ``package declaration directories'' as you want."
+msgstr "Guix permet d'uniformiser le processus en ajoutant autant de « répertoires de déclaration de paquets » que vous le souhaitez."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:595
+msgid "Create a directory, say @file{~./guix-packages} and add it to the @samp{GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH} environment variable:"
+msgstr "Créez un répertoire, disons @file{~/guix-packages} et ajoutez-le à la variable d'environnement @samp{GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH} :"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:599
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"$ mkdir ~/guix-packages\n"
+"$ export GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH=~/guix-packages\n"
+msgstr ""
+"$ mkdir ~/guix-packages\n"
+"$ export GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH=~/guix-packages\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:602
+msgid "To add several directories, separate them with a colon (@code{:})."
+msgstr "Pour ajouter plusieurs répertoires, séparez-les avec un deux-points (@code{:})."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:604
+msgid "Our previous @samp{my-hello} needs some adjustments though:"
+msgstr "Notre @samp{my-hello} précédent doit être légèrement ajusté :"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:611
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(define-module (my-hello)\n"
+"  #:use-module (guix licenses)\n"
+"  #:use-module (guix packages)\n"
+"  #:use-module (guix build-system gnu)\n"
+"  #:use-module (guix download))\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(define-module (my-hello)\n"
+"  #:use-module (guix licenses)\n"
+"  #:use-module (guix packages)\n"
+"  #:use-module (guix build-system gnu)\n"
+"  #:use-module (guix download))\n"
+"\n"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:631
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(define-public my-hello\n"
+"  (package\n"
+"    (name \"my-hello\")\n"
+"    (version \"2.10\")\n"
+"    (source (origin\n"
+"              (method url-fetch)\n"
+"              (uri (string-append \"mirror://gnu/hello/hello-\" version\n"
+"                                  \".tar.gz\"))\n"
+"              (sha256\n"
+"               (base32\n"
+"                \"0ssi1wpaf7plaswqqjwigppsg5fyh99vdlb9kzl7c9lng89ndq1i\"))))\n"
+"    (build-system gnu-build-system)\n"
+"    (synopsis \"Hello, Guix world: An example custom Guix package\")\n"
+"    (description\n"
+"     \"GNU Hello prints the message \\\"Hello, world!\\\" and then exits.  It\n"
+"serves as an example of standard GNU coding practices.  As such, it supports\n"
+"command-line arguments, multiple languages, and so on.\")\n"
+"    (home-page \"https://www.gnu.org/software/hello/\")\n"
+"    (license gpl3+)))\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(define-public my-hello\n"
+"  (package\n"
+"    (name \"my-hello\")\n"
+"    (version \"2.10\")\n"
+"    (source (origin\n"
+"              (method url-fetch)\n"
+"              (uri (string-append \"mirror://gnu/hello/hello-\" version\n"
+"                                  \".tar.gz\"))\n"
+"              (sha256\n"
+"               (base32\n"
+"                \"0ssi1wpaf7plaswqqjwigppsg5fyh99vdlb9kzl7c9lng89ndq1i\"))))\n"
+"    (build-system gnu-build-system)\n"
+"    (synopsis \"Hello, Guix world: An example custom Guix package\")\n"
+"    (description\n"
+"     \"GNU Hello prints the message \\\"Hello, world!\\\" and then exits.  It\n"
+"serves as an example of standard GNU coding practices.  As such, it supports\n"
+"command-line arguments, multiple languages, and so on.\")\n"
+"    (home-page \"https://www.gnu.org/software/hello/\")\n"
+"    (license gpl3+)))\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:637
+msgid "Note that we have assigned the package value to an exported variable name with @code{define-public}.  This is effectively assigning the package to the @code{my-hello} variable so that it can be referenced, among other as dependency of other packages."
+msgstr "Remarquez que nous avons assigné la valeur du paquet à un nom de variable exportée avec @code{define-public}. Cela assigne en fait le paquet à la variable @code{my-hello} pour qu'elle puisse être utilisée, par exemple en dépendance d'un autre paquet."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:642
+msgid "If you use @code{guix package --install-from-file=my-hello.scm} on the above file, it will fail because the last expression, @code{define-public}, does not return a package.  If you want to use @code{define-public} in this use-case nonetheless, make sure the file ends with an evaluation of @code{my-hello}:"
+msgstr "Si vous utilisez @code{guix package --install-from-file=my-hello.scm} avec le fichier précédent, la commande échouera car la dernière expression, @code{define-public}, ne renvoie pas un paquet. Si vous voulez utiliser @code{define-public} dans ce cas tout de même, assurez-vous que le fichier termine par une évaluation de @code{my-hello} :"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:648
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"; ...\n"
+"(define-public my-hello\n"
+"  ; ...\n"
+"  )\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"; ...\n"
+"(define-public my-hello\n"
+"  ; ...\n"
+"  )\n"
+"\n"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:650
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "my-hello\n"
+msgstr "my-hello\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:653
+msgid "This last example is not very typical."
+msgstr "Ce dernier exemple n'est pas très typique."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:656
+msgid "Now @samp{my-hello} should be part of the package collection like all other official packages.  You can verify this with:"
+msgstr "Maintenant @samp{my-hello} devrait faire partie de la collection de paquets comme tous les paquets officiels. Vous pouvez le vérifier avec :"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:659
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "$ guix package --show=my-hello\n"
+msgstr "$ guix package --show=my-hello\n"
+
+#. type: subsubsection
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:661 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:662
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Guix channels"
+msgstr "Canaux Guix"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:668
+msgid "Guix 0.16 features channels, which is very similar to @samp{GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH} but provides better integration and provenance tracking.  Channels are not necessarily local, they can be maintained as a public Git repository for instance.  Of course, several channels can be used at the same time."
+msgstr "Guix 0.16 a introduit la notion de canaux, qui sont similaires à @samp{GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH} mais fournit une meilleure intégration et un meilleur suivi de la provenance. Les canaux ne sont pas nécessairement locaux et ils peuvent être maintenus dans un dépôt Git public par exemple. Bien sûr, vous pouvez utiliser plusieurs canaux en même temps."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:670
+msgid "@xref{Channels,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual} for setup details."
+msgstr "@xref{Canaux,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix} pour des détails sur la mise en place des canaux."
+
+#. type: subsubsection
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:671 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:672
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Direct checkout hacking"
+msgstr "Bidouillage direct dans le dépôt git"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:677
+msgid "Working directly on the Guix project is recommended: it reduces the friction when the time comes to submit your changes upstream to let the community benefit from your hard work!"
+msgstr "Nous vous recommandons de travailler directement sur le projet Guix : cela réduit le travail nécessaire quand vous voudrez soumettre vos changements en amont pour que la communauté puisse bénéficier de votre dur labeur !"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:683
+msgid "Unlike most software distributions, the Guix repository holds in one place both the tooling (including the package manager) and the package definitions.  This choice was made so that it would give developers the flexibility to modify the API without breakage by updating all packages at the same time.  This reduces development inertia."
+msgstr "Contrairement à la plupart des distributions logiciels, le dépôt Guix contient à la fois les outils (dont le gestionnaire de paquets) et les définitions des paquets. Nous avons fait ce choix pour permettre aux développeurs et développeuses de profiter de plus de flexibilité pour changer l'API sans rien casser, en mettant à jour tous les paquets en même temps. Cela réduit l'inertie dans le développement."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:685
+msgid "Check out the official @uref{https://git-scm.com/, Git} repository:"
+msgstr "Clonez le dépôt @uref{https://git-scm.com/, Git} officiel :"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:688
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "$ git clone https://git.savannah.gnu.org/git/guix.git\n"
+msgstr "$ git clone https://git.savannah.gnu.org/git/guix.git\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:692
+msgid "In the rest of this article, we use @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT} to refer to the location of the checkout."
+msgstr "Dans le reste de cet article, nous utiliserons @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT} pour faire référence à l'emplacement de ce clone."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:696
+msgid "Follow the instructions in the manual (@pxref{Contributing,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}) to set up the repository environment."
+msgstr "Suivez les instructions du manuel (@pxref{Contribuer,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix}) pour mettre en place l'environnement du dépôt."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:699
+msgid "Once ready, you should be able to use the package definitions from the repository environment."
+msgstr "Une fois prêts, vous devriez pouvoir utiliser les définitions des paquets de l'environnement du dépôt."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:701
+msgid "Feel free to edit package definitions found in @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/gnu/packages}."
+msgstr "N'ayez pas peur de modifier les définitions des paquets que vous trouverez dans @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/gnu/packages}."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:705
+msgid "The @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/pre-inst-env} script lets you use @samp{guix} over the package collection of the repository (@pxref{Running Guix Before It Is Installed,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual})."
+msgstr "Le script @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/pre-inst-env} vous permet d'utiliser @samp{guix} sur la collection de paquets du dépôt (@pxref{Lancer Guix avant qu’il ne soit installé,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix})."
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:709
+msgid "Search packages, such as Ruby:"
+msgstr "Recherchez des paquets, comme Ruby :"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:716
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"  $ cd $GUIX_CHECKOUT\n"
+"  $ ./pre-inst-env guix package --list-available=ruby\n"
+"      ruby    1.8.7-p374      out     gnu/packages/ruby.scm:119:2\n"
+"      ruby    2.1.6   out     gnu/packages/ruby.scm:91:2\n"
+"      ruby    2.2.2   out     gnu/packages/ruby.scm:39:2\n"
+msgstr ""
+"  $ cd $GUIX_CHECKOUT\n"
+"  $ ./pre-inst-env guix package --list-available=ruby\n"
+"      ruby    1.8.7-p374      out     gnu/packages/ruby.scm:119:2\n"
+"      ruby    2.1.6   out     gnu/packages/ruby.scm:91:2\n"
+"      ruby    2.2.2   out     gnu/packages/ruby.scm:39:2\n"
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:720
+msgid "Build a package, here Ruby version 2.1:"
+msgstr "Construisez un paquet, ici Ruby version 2.1 :"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:724
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"  $ ./pre-inst-env guix build --keep-failed ruby@@2.1\n"
+"  /gnu/store/c13v73jxmj2nir2xjqaz5259zywsa9zi-ruby-2.1.6\n"
+msgstr ""
+"  $ ./pre-inst-env guix build --keep-failed ruby@@2.1\n"
+"  /gnu/store/c13v73jxmj2nir2xjqaz5259zywsa9zi-ruby-2.1.6\n"
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:728
+msgid "Install it to your user profile:"
+msgstr "Installez-le dans votre profil utilisateur :"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:731
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "  $ ./pre-inst-env guix package --install ruby@@2.1\n"
+msgstr "  $ ./pre-inst-env guix package --install ruby@@2.1\n"
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:735
+msgid "Check for common mistakes:"
+msgstr "Vérifiez que vous n'avez pas fait l'une des erreurs courantes :"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:738
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "  $ ./pre-inst-env guix lint ruby@@2.1\n"
+msgstr "  $ ./pre-inst-env guix lint ruby@@2.1\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:743
+msgid "Guix strives at maintaining a high packaging standard; when contributing to the Guix project, remember to"
+msgstr "Guix essaye de maintenir un bon standard d'empaquetage ; quand vous contribuez au projet Guix, rappelez-vous de"
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:747
+msgid "follow the coding style (@pxref{Coding Style,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}),"
+msgstr "suivre le style de code (@pxref{Style de code,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix}),"
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:749
+msgid "and review the check list from the manual (@pxref{Submitting Patches,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual})."
+msgstr "et de vérifier la check-list du manuel (@pxref{Envoyer des correctifs,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix})."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:753
+msgid "Once you are happy with the result, you are welcome to send your contribution to make it part of Guix.  This process is also detailed in the manual.  (@pxref{Contributing,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual})"
+msgstr "Une fois que vous êtes satisfait du résultat, vous pouvez envoyer votre contribution pour qu'elle rentre dans Guix. Ce processus est aussi détaillé dans le manuel (@pxref{Contribuer,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix})"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:756
+msgid "It's a community effort so the more join in, the better Guix becomes!"
+msgstr "Guix est un projet communautaire, donc plus on est de fous, plus on rit !"
+
+#. type: subsection
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:757 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:758
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Extended example"
+msgstr "Exemple avancé"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:763
+msgid "The above ``Hello World'' example is as simple as it goes.  Packages can be more complex than that and Guix can handle more advanced scenarios.  Let's look at another, more sophisticated package (slightly modified from the source):"
+msgstr "L'exemple « Hello World » précédent est le plus simple possible. Les paquets peuvent devenir plus complexes que cela et Guix peut gérer des scénarios plus avancés. Voyons un autre paquet plus sophistiqué (légèrement modifié à partir des sources) :"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:777
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(define-module (gnu packages version-control)\n"
+"  #:use-module ((guix licenses) #:prefix license:)\n"
+"  #:use-module (guix utils)\n"
+"  #:use-module (guix packages)\n"
+"  #:use-module (guix git-download)\n"
+"  #:use-module (guix build-system cmake)\n"
+"  #:use-module (gnu packages ssh)\n"
+"  #:use-module (gnu packages web)\n"
+"  #:use-module (gnu packages pkg-config)\n"
+"  #:use-module (gnu packages python)\n"
+"  #:use-module (gnu packages compression)\n"
+"  #:use-module (gnu packages tls))\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(define-module (gnu packages version-control)\n"
+"  #:use-module ((guix licenses) #:prefix license:)\n"
+"  #:use-module (guix utils)\n"
+"  #:use-module (guix packages)\n"
+"  #:use-module (guix git-download)\n"
+"  #:use-module (guix build-system cmake)\n"
+"  #:use-module (gnu packages ssh)\n"
+"  #:use-module (gnu packages web)\n"
+"  #:use-module (gnu packages pkg-config)\n"
+"  #:use-module (gnu packages python)\n"
+"  #:use-module (gnu packages compression)\n"
+"  #:use-module (gnu packages tls))\n"
+"\n"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:837
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(define-public my-libgit2\n"
+"  (let ((commit \"e98d0a37c93574d2c6107bf7f31140b548c6a7bf\")\n"
+"        (revision \"1\"))\n"
+"    (package\n"
+"      (name \"my-libgit2\")\n"
+"      (version (git-version \"0.26.6\" revision commit))\n"
+"      (source (origin\n"
+"                (method git-fetch)\n"
+"                (uri (git-reference\n"
+"                      (url \"https://github.com/libgit2/libgit2/\")\n"
+"                      (commit commit)))\n"
+"                (file-name (git-file-name name version))\n"
+"                (sha256\n"
+"                 (base32\n"
+"                  \"17pjvprmdrx4h6bb1hhc98w9qi6ki7yl57f090n9kbhswxqfs7s3\"))\n"
+"                (patches (search-patches \"libgit2-mtime-0.patch\"))\n"
+"                (modules '((guix build utils)))\n"
+"                (snippet '(begin\n"
+"                            ;; Remove bundled software.\n"
+"                            (delete-file-recursively \"deps\")\n"
+"                            #true))))\n"
+"      (build-system cmake-build-system)\n"
+"      (outputs '(\"out\" \"debug\"))\n"
+"      (arguments\n"
+"       `(#:tests? #true                         ; Run the test suite (this is the default)\n"
+"         #:configure-flags '(\"-DUSE_SHA1DC=ON\") ; SHA-1 collision detection\n"
+"         #:phases\n"
+"         (modify-phases %standard-phases\n"
+"           (add-after 'unpack 'fix-hardcoded-paths\n"
+"             (lambda _\n"
+"               (substitute* \"tests/repo/init.c\"\n"
+"                 ((\"#!/bin/sh\") (string-append \"#!\" (which \"sh\"))))\n"
+"               (substitute* \"tests/clar/fs.h\"\n"
+"                 ((\"/bin/cp\") (which \"cp\"))\n"
+"                 ((\"/bin/rm\") (which \"rm\")))\n"
+"               #true))\n"
+"           ;; Run checks more verbosely.\n"
+"           (replace 'check\n"
+"             (lambda _ (invoke \"./libgit2_clar\" \"-v\" \"-Q\")))\n"
+"           (add-after 'unpack 'make-files-writable-for-tests\n"
+"             (lambda _ (for-each make-file-writable (find-files \".\" \".*\")))))))\n"
+"      (inputs\n"
+"       `((\"libssh2\" ,libssh2)\n"
+"         (\"http-parser\" ,http-parser)\n"
+"         (\"python\" ,python-wrapper)))\n"
+"      (native-inputs\n"
+"       `((\"pkg-config\" ,pkg-config)))\n"
+"      (propagated-inputs\n"
+"       ;; These two libraries are in 'Requires.private' in libgit2.pc.\n"
+"       `((\"openssl\" ,openssl)\n"
+"         (\"zlib\" ,zlib)))\n"
+"      (home-page \"https://libgit2.github.com/\")\n"
+"      (synopsis \"Library providing Git core methods\")\n"
+"      (description\n"
+"       \"Libgit2 is a portable, pure C implementation of the Git core methods\n"
+"provided as a re-entrant linkable library with a solid API, allowing you to\n"
+"write native speed custom Git applications in any language with bindings.\")\n"
+"      ;; GPLv2 with linking exception\n"
+"      (license license:gpl2))))\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(define-public my-libgit2\n"
+"  (let ((commit \"e98d0a37c93574d2c6107bf7f31140b548c6a7bf\")\n"
+"        (revision \"1\"))\n"
+"    (package\n"
+"      (name \"my-libgit2\")\n"
+"      (version (git-version \"0.26.6\" revision commit))\n"
+"      (source (origin\n"
+"                (method git-fetch)\n"
+"                (uri (git-reference\n"
+"                      (url \"https://github.com/libgit2/libgit2/\")\n"
+"                      (commit commit)))\n"
+"                (file-name (git-file-name name version))\n"
+"                (sha256\n"
+"                 (base32\n"
+"                  \"17pjvprmdrx4h6bb1hhc98w9qi6ki7yl57f090n9kbhswxqfs7s3\"))\n"
+"                (patches (search-patches \"libgit2-mtime-0.patch\"))\n"
+"                (modules '((guix build utils)))\n"
+"                (snippet '(begin\n"
+"                            ;; Remove bundled software.\n"
+"                            (delete-file-recursively \"deps\")\n"
+"                            #true))))\n"
+"      (build-system cmake-build-system)\n"
+"      (outputs '(\"out\" \"debug\"))\n"
+"      (arguments\n"
+"       `(#:tests? #true                         ; Run the test suite (this is the default)\n"
+"         #:configure-flags '(\"-DUSE_SHA1DC=ON\") ; SHA-1 collision detection\n"
+"         #:phases\n"
+"         (modify-phases %standard-phases\n"
+"           (add-after 'unpack 'fix-hardcoded-paths\n"
+"             (lambda _\n"
+"               (substitute* \"tests/repo/init.c\"\n"
+"                 ((\"#!/bin/sh\") (string-append \"#!\" (which \"sh\"))))\n"
+"               (substitute* \"tests/clar/fs.h\"\n"
+"                 ((\"/bin/cp\") (which \"cp\"))\n"
+"                 ((\"/bin/rm\") (which \"rm\")))\n"
+"               #true))\n"
+"           ;; Run checks more verbosely.\n"
+"           (replace 'check\n"
+"             (lambda _ (invoke \"./libgit2_clar\" \"-v\" \"-Q\")))\n"
+"           (add-after 'unpack 'make-files-writable-for-tests\n"
+"             (lambda _ (for-each make-file-writable (find-files \".\" \".*\")))))))\n"
+"      (inputs\n"
+"       `((\"libssh2\" ,libssh2)\n"
+"         (\"http-parser\" ,http-parser)\n"
+"         (\"python\" ,python-wrapper)))\n"
+"      (native-inputs\n"
+"       `((\"pkg-config\" ,pkg-config)))\n"
+"      (propagated-inputs\n"
+"       ;; These two libraries are in 'Requires.private' in libgit2.pc.\n"
+"       `((\"openssl\" ,openssl)\n"
+"         (\"zlib\" ,zlib)))\n"
+"      (home-page \"https://libgit2.github.com/\")\n"
+"      (synopsis \"Library providing Git core methods\")\n"
+"      (description\n"
+"       \"Libgit2 is a portable, pure C implementation of the Git core methods\n"
+"provided as a re-entrant linkable library with a solid API, allowing you to\n"
+"write native speed custom Git applications in any language with bindings.\")\n"
+"      ;; GPLv2 with linking exception\n"
+"      (license license:gpl2))))\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:842
+msgid "(In those cases were you only want to tweak a few fields from a package definition, you should rely on inheritance instead of copy-pasting everything.  See below.)"
+msgstr "(Dans les cas où vous voulez seulement changer quelques champs d'une définition de paquets, vous devriez utiliser l'héritage au lieu de tout copier-coller. Voir plus bas.)"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:844
+msgid "Let's discuss those fields in depth."
+msgstr "Parlons maintenant de ces champs en détail."
+
+#. type: subsubsection
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:845
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "@code{git-fetch} method"
+msgstr "La méthode @code{git-fetch}"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:852
+msgid "Unlike the @code{url-fetch} method, @code{git-fetch} expects a @code{git-reference} which takes a Git repository and a commit.  The commit can be any Git reference such as tags, so if the @code{version} is tagged, then it can be used directly.  Sometimes the tag is prefixed with a @code{v}, in which case you'd use @code{(commit (string-append \"v\" version))}."
+msgstr "Contrairement à la méthode @code{url-fetch}, @code{git-fetch} a besoin d'un @code{git-reference} qui prend un dépôt Git et un commit. Le commit peut être n'importe quelle référence Git comme des tags, donc si la @code{version} a un tag associé, vous pouvez l'utiliser directement. Parfois le tag est précédé de @code{v}, auquel cas vous pouvez utiliser @code{(commit (string-append \"v\" version))}."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:856
+msgid "To ensure that the source code from the Git repository is stored in a directory with a descriptive name, we use @code{(file-name (git-file-name name version))}."
+msgstr "Pour vous assurer que le code source du dépôt Git est stocké dans un répertoire avec un nom descriptif, utilisez @code{(file-name (git-file-name name version))}."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:861
+msgid "The @code{git-version} procedure can be used to derive the version when packaging programs for a specific commit, following the Guix contributor guidelines (@pxref{Version Numbers,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual})."
+msgstr "Vous pouvez utiliser la procédure @code{git-version} pour calculer la version quand vous empaquetez des programmes pour un commit spécifique, en suivant le guide de contribution (@pxref{Numéros de version,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix})."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:865
+msgid "How does one obtain the @code{sha256} hash that's in there, you ask? By invoking @command{guix hash} on a checkout of the desired commit, along these lines:"
+msgstr "Comment obtenir le hash @code{sha256}, vous demandez-vous ? En invoquant @command{guix hash} sur un clone du commit voulu, de cette manière :"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:871
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"git clone https://github.com/libgit2/libgit2/\n"
+"cd libgit2\n"
+"git checkout v0.26.6\n"
+"guix hash -rx .\n"
+msgstr ""
+"git clone https://github.com/libgit2/libgit2/\n"
+"cd libgit2\n"
+"git checkout v0.26.6\n"
+"guix hash -rx .\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:876
+msgid "@command{guix hash -rx} computes a SHA256 hash over the whole directory, excluding the @file{.git} sub-directory (@pxref{Invoking guix hash,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual})."
+msgstr "@command{guix hash -rx} calcul un SHA256 sur le répertoire entier, en excluant le sous-répertoire @file{.git} (@pxref{Invoquer guix hash,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix})."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:879
+msgid "In the future, @command{guix download} will hopefully be able to do these steps for you, just like it does for regular downloads."
+msgstr "Dans le futur, @command{guix download} sera sans doute capable de faire cela pour vous, comme il le fait pour les téléchargements directs."
+
+#. type: subsubsection
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:880
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Snippets"
+msgstr "Les bouts de code"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:886
+msgid "Snippets are quoted (i.e. non-evaluated) Scheme code that are a means of patching the source.  They are a Guix-y alternative to the traditional @file{.patch} files.  Because of the quote, the code in only evaluated when passed to the Guix daemon for building.  There can be as many snippets as needed."
+msgstr "Les bouts de code (snippet) sont des fragments quotés (c.-à-d. non évalués) de code Scheme utilisés pour modifier les sources. C'est une alternative aux fichiers @file{.patch} traditionnels, plus proche de l'esprit de Guix. À cause de la quote, le code n'est évalué que lorsqu'il est passé au démon Guix pour la construction. Il peut y avoir autant de bout de code que nécessaire."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:889
+msgid "Snippets might need additional Guile modules which can be imported from the @code{modules} field."
+msgstr "Les bouts de code on parfois besoin de modules Guile supplémentaires qui peuvent être importés dans le champ @code{modules}."
+
+#. type: subsubsection
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:890
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Inputs"
+msgstr "Entrées"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:893
+msgid "First, a syntactic comment: See the quasi-quote / comma syntax?"
+msgstr "Tout d'abord, un commentaire sur la syntaxe : vous voyez la quasiquote (la virgule) ?"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:897
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"    (native-inputs\n"
+"     `((\"pkg-config\" ,pkg-config)))\n"
+msgstr ""
+"    (native-inputs\n"
+"     `((\"pkg-config\" ,pkg-config)))\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:900
+msgid "is equivalent to"
+msgstr "est équivalent à"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:904
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"    (native-inputs\n"
+"     (list (list \"pkg-config\" pkg-config)))\n"
+msgstr ""
+"    (native-inputs\n"
+"     (list (list \"pkg-config\" pkg-config)))\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:907
+msgid "You'll mostly see the former because it's shorter."
+msgstr "Vous verrez surtout la première forme car elle est plus courte."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:909
+msgid "There are 3 different input types.  In short:"
+msgstr "Il y a trois types d'entrées. En résumé :"
+
+#. type: item
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:911
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "native-inputs"
+msgstr "native-inputs"
+
+#. type: table
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:914
+msgid "Required for building but not runtime -- installing a package through a substitute won't install these inputs."
+msgstr "Requis pour construire mais pas à l'exécution -- installer un paquet avec un substitut n'installera pas ces entrées."
+
+#. type: item
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:914
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "inputs"
+msgstr "inputs"
+
+#. type: table
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:917
+msgid "Installed in the store but not in the profile, as well as being present at build time."
+msgstr "Installées dans le dépôt mais pas dans le profil, et présentes à la construction."
+
+#. type: item
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:917
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "propagated-inputs"
+msgstr "propagated-inputs"
+
+#. type: table
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:920
+msgid "Installed in the store and in the profile, as well as being present at build time."
+msgstr "Installées dans le dépôt et dans le profil, et présentes à la construction."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:923
+msgid "@xref{Package Reference,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual} for more details."
+msgstr "@xref{Référence de package,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix} pour plus de détails."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:927
+msgid "The distinction between the various inputs is important: if a dependency can be handled as an @emph{input} instead of a @emph{propagated input}, it should be done so, or else it ``pollutes'' the user profile for no good reason."
+msgstr "La différence entre les différents types d'entrées est importante : si une dépendance peut être utilisée comme @emph{entrée} plutôt que comme @emph{entrée propagée}, il faut faire ça, sinon elle « polluera » le profil utilisateur sans raison."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:934
+msgid "For instance, a user installing a graphical program that depends on a command line tool might only be interested in the graphical part, so there is no need to force the command line tool into the user profile.  The dependency is a concern to the package, not to the user.  @emph{Inputs} make it possible to handle dependencies without bugging the user by adding undesired executable files (or libraries) to their profile."
+msgstr "Par exemple, si vous installez un programme graphique qui dépend d'un outil en ligne de commande, vous êtes probablement intéressé uniquement par la partie graphique, donc inutile de forcer l'outil en ligne de commande à être présent dans le profil utilisateur. Les dépendances sont gérés par les paquets, pas par les utilisateurs et utilisatrices. Les @emph{entrées} permettent de gérer les dépendances sans ennuyer les utilisateurs et utilisatrices en ajoutant des fichiers exécutables (ou bibliothèque) inutiles dans leur profil."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:940
+msgid "Same goes for @emph{native-inputs}: once the program is installed, build-time dependencies can be safely garbage-collected.  It also matters when a substitute is available, in which case only the @emph{inputs} and @emph{propagated inputs} will be fetched: the @emph{native inputs} are not required to install a package from a substitute."
+msgstr "Pareil pour @emph{native-inputs} : une fois le programme installé, les dépendances à la construction peuvent être supprimées sans problème par le ramasse-miettes. Lorsqu'un substitut est disponible, seuls les @emph{entrées} et les @emph{entrées propagées} sont récupérées : les @emph{entrées natives} ne sont pas requises pour installer un paquet à partir d'un substitut."
+
+#. type: subsubsection
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:941
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Outputs"
+msgstr "Sorties"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:945
+msgid "Just like how a package can have multiple inputs, it can also produce multiple outputs."
+msgstr "De la même manière qu'un paquet peut avoir plusieurs entrées, il peut aussi avoir plusieurs sorties."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:947
+msgid "Each output corresponds to a separate directory in the store."
+msgstr "Chaque sortie correspond à un répertoire différent dans le dépôt."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:950
+msgid "The user can choose which output to install; this is useful to save space or to avoid polluting the user profile with unwanted executables or libraries."
+msgstr "Vous pouvez choisir quelle sortie installer ; c'est utile pour préserver l'espace disque et éviter de polluer le profil utilisateur avec des exécutables et des bibliothèques inutiles."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:953
+msgid "Output separation is optional.  When the @code{outputs} field is left out, the default and only output (the complete package) is referred to as @code{\"out\"}."
+msgstr "La séparation des sorties est facultative. Lorsque le champ @code{outputs} n'est pas spécifié, l'unique sortie par défaut (le paquet complet donc) est @code{\"out\"}."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:955
+msgid "Typical separate output names include @code{debug} and @code{doc}."
+msgstr "Les sorties séparées sont en général @code{debug} et @code{doc}."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:959
+msgid "It's advised to separate outputs only when you've shown it's worth it: if the output size is significant (compare with @code{guix size}) or in case the package is modular."
+msgstr "Vous devriez séparer les sorties seulement si vous pouvez montrer que c'est utile : si la taille de la sortie est importante (vous pouvez comparer avec @code{guix size}) ou si le paquet est modulaire."
+
+#. type: subsubsection
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:960
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Build system arguments"
+msgstr "Arguments du système de construction"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:963
+msgid "The @code{arguments} is a keyword-value list used to configure the build process."
+msgstr "Le champ @code{arguments} est une liste de mot-clés et de valeurs utilisés pour configurer le processus de construction."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:968
+msgid "The simplest argument @code{#:tests?} can be used to disable the test suite when building the package.  This is mostly useful when the package does not feature any test suite.  It's strongly recommended to keep the test suite on if there is one."
+msgstr "L'argument le plus simple est @code{#:tests?} et on l'utilise pour désactiver la suite de tests pendant la construction du paquet. C'est surtout utile si le paquet n'a pas de suite de tests. Nous vous recommandons fortement de laisser tourner la suite de tests s'il y en a une."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:972
+msgid "Another common argument is @code{:make-flags}, which specifies a list of flags to append when running make, as you would from the command line.  For instance, the following flags"
+msgstr "Un autre argument courant est @code{#:make-flags}, qui spécifie une liste de drapeaux à ajouter en lançant make, comme ce que vous feriez sur la ligne de commande. Par exemple, les drapeaux suivants"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:976
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"#:make-flags (list (string-append \"prefix=\" (assoc-ref %outputs \"out\"))\n"
+"                   \"CC=gcc\")\n"
+msgstr ""
+"#:make-flags (list (string-append \"prefix=\" (assoc-ref %outputs \"out\"))\n"
+"                   \"CC=gcc\")\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:979
+msgid "translate into"
+msgstr "se traduisent en"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:982
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "$ make CC=gcc prefix=/gnu/store/...-<out>\n"
+msgstr "$ make CC=gcc prefix=/gnu/store/...-<out>\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:988
+msgid "This sets the C compiler to @code{gcc} and the @code{prefix} variable (the installation directory in Make parlance) to @code{(assoc-ref %outputs \"out\")}, which is a build-stage global variable pointing to the destination directory in the store (something like @file{/gnu/store/...-my-libgit2-20180408})."
+msgstr "Cela indique que le compilateur C sera @code{gcc} et la variable @code{prefix} (le répertoire d'installation pour Make) sera @code{(assoc-ref %outputs \"out\")}, qui est une variable globale côté construction qui pointe vers le répertoire de destination dans le dépôt (quelque chose comme @file{/gnu/store/…-my-libgit2-20180408})."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:990
+msgid "Similarly, it's possible to set the configure flags:"
+msgstr "De manière identique, vous pouvez indiquer les drapeaux de configuration :"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:993
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "#:configure-flags '(\"-DUSE_SHA1DC=ON\")\n"
+msgstr "#:configure-flags '(\"-DUSE_SHA1DC=ON\")\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:997
+msgid "The @code{%build-inputs} variable is also generated in scope.  It's an association table that maps the input names to their store directories."
+msgstr "La variable @code{%build-inputs} est aussi générée dans cette portée. C'est une liste d'association qui fait correspondre les noms des entrées à leur répertoire dans le dépôt."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1002
+msgid "The @code{phases} keyword lists the sequential steps of the build system.  Typically phases include @code{unpack}, @code{configure}, @code{build}, @code{install} and @code{check}.  To know more about those phases, you need to work out the appropriate build system definition in @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/guix/build/gnu-build-system.scm}:"
+msgstr "Le mot-clé @code{phases} liste la séquence d'étapes du système de construction. Les phases usuelles sont @code{unpack}, @code{configure}, @code{build}, @code{install} et @code{check}. Pour en savoir plus, vous devez trouver la bonne définition du système de construction dans @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/guix/build/gnu-build-system.scm} :"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1021
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(define %standard-phases\n"
+"  ;; Standard build phases, as a list of symbol/procedure pairs.\n"
+"  (let-syntax ((phases (syntax-rules ()\n"
+"                         ((_ p ...) `((p . ,p) ...)))))\n"
+"    (phases set-SOURCE-DATE-EPOCH set-paths install-locale unpack\n"
+"            bootstrap\n"
+"            patch-usr-bin-file\n"
+"            patch-source-shebangs configure patch-generated-file-shebangs\n"
+"            build check install\n"
+"            patch-shebangs strip\n"
+"            validate-runpath\n"
+"            validate-documentation-location\n"
+"            delete-info-dir-file\n"
+"            patch-dot-desktop-files\n"
+"            install-license-files\n"
+"            reset-gzip-timestamps\n"
+"            compress-documentation)))\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(define %standard-phases\n"
+"  ;; Standard build phases, as a list of symbol/procedure pairs.\n"
+"  (let-syntax ((phases (syntax-rules ()\n"
+"                         ((_ p ...) `((p . ,p) ...)))))\n"
+"    (phases set-SOURCE-DATE-EPOCH set-paths install-locale unpack\n"
+"            bootstrap\n"
+"            patch-usr-bin-file\n"
+"            patch-source-shebangs configure patch-generated-file-shebangs\n"
+"            build check install\n"
+"            patch-shebangs strip\n"
+"            validate-runpath\n"
+"            validate-documentation-location\n"
+"            delete-info-dir-file\n"
+"            patch-dot-desktop-files\n"
+"            install-license-files\n"
+"            reset-gzip-timestamps\n"
+"            compress-documentation)))\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1024
+msgid "Or from the REPL:"
+msgstr "Ou depuis la REPL :"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1030
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(add-to-load-path \"/path/to/guix/checkout\")\n"
+",use (guix build gnu-build-system)\n"
+"(map first %standard-phases)\n"
+"@result{} (set-SOURCE-DATE-EPOCH set-paths install-locale unpack bootstrap patch-usr-bin-file patch-source-shebangs configure patch-generated-file-shebangs build check install patch-shebangs strip validate-runpath validate-documentation-location delete-info-dir-file patch-dot-desktop-files install-license-files reset-gzip-timestamps compress-documentation)\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(add-to-load-path \"/path/to/guix/checkout\")\n"
+",use (guix build gnu-build-system)\n"
+"(map first %standard-phases)\n"
+"@result{} (set-SOURCE-DATE-EPOCH set-paths install-locale unpack bootstrap patch-usr-bin-file patch-source-shebangs configure patch-generated-file-shebangs build check install patch-shebangs strip validate-runpath validate-documentation-location delete-info-dir-file patch-dot-desktop-files install-license-files reset-gzip-timestamps compress-documentation)\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1034
+msgid "If you want to know more about what happens during those phases, consult the associated procedures."
+msgstr "Si vous voulez en apprendre plus sur ce qui arrive pendant ces phases, consultez les procédures associées."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1037
+msgid "For instance, as of this writing the definition of @code{unpack} for the GNU build system is:"
+msgstr "Par exemple, au moment d'écrire ces lignes, la définition de @code{unpack} dans le système de construction de GNU est :"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1047
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(define* (unpack #:key source #:allow-other-keys)\n"
+"  \"Unpack SOURCE in the working directory, and change directory within the\n"
+"source.  When SOURCE is a directory, copy it in a sub-directory of the current\n"
+"working directory.\"\n"
+"  (if (file-is-directory? source)\n"
+"      (begin\n"
+"        (mkdir \"source\")\n"
+"        (chdir \"source\")\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(define* (unpack #:key source #:allow-other-keys)\n"
+"  \"Unpack SOURCE in the working directory, and change directory within the\n"
+"source.  When SOURCE is a directory, copy it in a sub-directory of the current\n"
+"working directory.\"\n"
+"  (if (file-is-directory? source)\n"
+"      (begin\n"
+"        (mkdir \"source\")\n"
+"        (chdir \"source\")\n"
+"\n"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1058
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"        ;; Preserve timestamps (set to the Epoch) on the copied tree so that\n"
+"        ;; things work deterministically.\n"
+"        (copy-recursively source \".\"\n"
+"                          #:keep-mtime? #true))\n"
+"      (begin\n"
+"        (if (string-suffix? \".zip\" source)\n"
+"            (invoke \"unzip\" source)\n"
+"            (invoke \"tar\" \"xvf\" source))\n"
+"        (chdir (first-subdirectory \".\"))))\n"
+"  #true)\n"
+msgstr ""
+"        ;; Preserve timestamps (set to the Epoch) on the copied tree so that\n"
+"        ;; things work deterministically.\n"
+"        (copy-recursively source \".\"\n"
+"                          #:keep-mtime? #true))\n"
+"      (begin\n"
+"        (if (string-suffix? \".zip\" source)\n"
+"            (invoke \"unzip\" source)\n"
+"            (invoke \"tar\" \"xvf\" source))\n"
+"        (chdir (first-subdirectory \".\"))))\n"
+"  #true)\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1066
+msgid "Note the @code{chdir} call: it changes the working directory to where the source was unpacked.  Thus every phase following the @code{unpack} will use the source as a working directory, which is why we can directly work on the source files.  That is to say, unless a later phase changes the working directory to something else."
+msgstr "Remarquez l'appel à @code{chdir} : il change de répertoire courant vers la source qui vient d'être décompressée. Ainsi toutes les phases suivantes utiliseront le répertoire des sources comme répertoire de travail, ce qui explique qu'on peut travailler directement sur les fichiers sources. Du moins, tant qu'une phase suivante ne change pas le répertoire de travail."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1070
+msgid "We modify the list of @code{%standard-phases} of the build system with the @code{modify-phases} macro as per the list of specified modifications, which may have the following forms:"
+msgstr "Nous modifions la liste des @code{%standard-phases} du système de construction avec la macro @code{modify-phases} qui indique la liste des modifications, sous cette formes :"
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1074
+msgid "@code{(add-before @var{phase} @var{new-phase} @var{procedure})}: Run @var{procedure} named @var{new-phase} before @var{phase}."
+msgstr "@code{(add-before @var{phase} @var{nouvelle-phase} @var{procédure})} : Lance une @var{procédure} nommée @var{nouvelle-phase} avant @var{phase}."
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1076
+msgid "@code{(add-after @var{phase} @var{new-phase} @var{procedure})}: Same, but afterwards."
+msgstr "@code{(add-after @var{phase} @var{nouvelle-phase} @var{procédure})} : Pareil, mais après la @var{phase}."
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1078
+msgid "@code{(replace @var{phase} @var{procedure})}."
+msgstr "@code{(replace @var{phase} @var{procédure})}."
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1080
+msgid "@code{(delete @var{phase})}."
+msgstr "@code{(delete @var{phase})}."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1087
+msgid "The @var{procedure} supports the keyword arguments @code{inputs} and @code{outputs}.  Each input (whether @emph{native}, @emph{propagated} or not) and output directory is referenced by their name in those variables.  Thus @code{(assoc-ref outputs \"out\")} is the store directory of the main output of the package.  A phase procedure may look like this:"
+msgstr "La @var{procédure} prend en charge les arguments @code{inputs} et @code{outputs} sous forme de mot-clés. Les entrées (@emph{natives}, @emph{propagées} et simples) et répertoires de sortie sont référencés par leur nom dans ces variables. Ainsi @code{(assoc-ref outputs \"out\")} est le répertoire du dépôt de la sortie principale du paquet. Une procédure de phase ressemble à cela :"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1095
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(lambda* (#:key inputs outputs #:allow-other-keys)\n"
+"  (let ((bash-directory (assoc-ref inputs \"bash\"))\n"
+"        (output-directory (assoc-ref outputs \"out\"))\n"
+"        (doc-directory (assoc-ref outputs \"doc\")))\n"
+"    ;; ...\n"
+"    #true))\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(lambda* (#:key inputs outputs #:allow-other-keys)\n"
+"  (let ((bash-directory (assoc-ref inputs \"bash\"))\n"
+"        (output-directory (assoc-ref outputs \"out\"))\n"
+"        (doc-directory (assoc-ref outputs \"doc\")))\n"
+"    ;; ...\n"
+"    #true))\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1101
+msgid "The procedure must return @code{#true} on success.  It's brittle to rely on the return value of the last expression used to tweak the phase because there is no guarantee it would be a @code{#true}.  Hence the trailing @code{#true} to ensure the right value is returned on success."
+msgstr "La procédure doit renvoyer @code{#true} si elle réussit. S'appuyer sur la valeur de retour de la dernière expression n'est pas très solide parce qu'il n'y a pas de garantie qu'elle sera @code{#true}. Donc le @code{#true} à la fin permet de s'assurer que la bonne valeur est renvoyée si la phase réussit."
+
+#. type: subsubsection
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1102
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Code staging"
+msgstr "Échelonnage de code"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1108
+msgid "The astute reader may have noticed the quasi-quote and comma syntax in the argument field.  Indeed, the build code in the package declaration should not be evaluated on the client side, but only when passed to the Guix daemon.  This mechanism of passing code around two running processes is called @uref{https://arxiv.org/abs/1709.00833, code staging}."
+msgstr "Si vous avez été attentif, vous aurez remarqué la quasi-quote et la virgule dans le champ argument. En effet, le code de construction dans la déclaration du paquet ne doit pas être évalué côté client, mais seulement après avoir été passé au démon Guix. Ce mécanisme de passage de code entre deux processus s'appelle @uref{https://arxiv.org/abs/1709.00833, l'échelonnage de code}."
+
+#. type: subsubsection
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1109
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Utility functions"
+msgstr "Fonctions utilitaires"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1114
+msgid "When customizing @code{phases}, we often need to write code that mimics the equivalent system invocations (@code{make}, @code{mkdir}, @code{cp}, etc.)@: commonly used during regular ``Unix-style'' installations."
+msgstr "Lorsque vous modifiez les @code{phases}, vous aurez souvent besoin d'écrire du code qui ressemble aux invocation équivalentes (@code{make}, @code{mkdir}, @code{cp}, etc) couramment utilisées durant une installatio plus standard dans le monde Unix."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1117
+msgid "Some like @code{chmod} are native to Guile.  @xref{,,, guile, Guile reference manual} for a complete list."
+msgstr "Certaines comme @code{chmod} sont natives dans Guile. @xref{,,, guile, Guile reference manual} pour une liste complète."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1120
+msgid "Guix provides additional helper functions which prove especially handy in the context of package management."
+msgstr "Guix fournit des fonctions utilitaires supplémentaires qui sont particulièrement utiles pour la gestion des paquets."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1124
+msgid "Some of those functions can be found in @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/guix/guix/build/utils.scm}.  Most of them mirror the behaviour of the traditional Unix system commands:"
+msgstr "Certaines de ces fonctions se trouvent dans @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/guix/guix/build/utils.scm}. La plupart copient le comportement des commandes systèmes Unix traditionnelles :"
+
+#. type: item
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1126
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "which"
+msgstr "which"
+
+#. type: table
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1128
+msgid "Like the @samp{which} system command."
+msgstr "Fonctionne comme la commande système @samp{which}."
+
+#. type: item
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1128
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "find-files"
+msgstr "find-files"
+
+#. type: table
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1130
+msgid "Akin to the @samp{find} system command."
+msgstr "Fonctionne un peu comme la commande @samp{find}."
+
+#. type: item
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1130
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "mkdir-p"
+msgstr "mkdir-p"
+
+#. type: table
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1132
+msgid "Like @samp{mkdir -p}, which creates all parents as needed."
+msgstr "Fonctionne comme @samp{mkdir -p}, qui crée tous les parents si besoin."
+
+#. type: item
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1132
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "install-file"
+msgstr "install-file"
+
+#. type: table
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1136
+msgid "Similar to @samp{install} when installing a file to a (possibly non-existing) directory.  Guile has @code{copy-file} which works like @samp{cp}."
+msgstr "Fonctionne comme @samp{install} pour installer un fichier vers un répertoire (éventuellement non existant). Guile a @code{copy-file} qui fonctionne comme @samp{cp}."
+
+#. type: item
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1136
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "copy-recursively"
+msgstr "copy-recursively"
+
+#. type: table
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1138
+msgid "Like @samp{cp -r}."
+msgstr "Fonctionne comme @samp{cp -r}."
+
+#. type: item
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1138
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "delete-file-recursively"
+msgstr "delete-file-recursively"
+
+#. type: table
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1140
+msgid "Like @samp{rm -rf}."
+msgstr "Fonctionne comme @samp{rm -rf}."
+
+#. type: item
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1140
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "invoke"
+msgstr "invoke"
+
+#. type: table
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1142
+msgid "Run an executable.  This should be used instead of @code{system*}."
+msgstr "Lance un exécutable. Vous devriez utiliser cela à la place de @code{system*}."
+
+#. type: item
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1142
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "with-directory-excursion"
+msgstr "with-directory-excursion"
+
+#. type: table
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1145
+msgid "Run the body in a different working directory, then restore the previous working directory."
+msgstr "Lance le corps dans un répertoire de travail différent, puis revient au répertoire de travail précédent."
+
+#. type: item
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1145
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "substitute*"
+msgstr "substitute*"
+
+#. type: table
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1147
+msgid "A ``@command{sed}-like'' function."
+msgstr "Une fonction similaire à @command{sed}."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1151
+msgid "@xref{Build Utilities,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}, for more information on these utilities."
+msgstr "@xref{Utilitaires de construction,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix}, pour plus d'informations sur ces utilitaires."
+
+#. type: subsubsection
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1152
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Module prefix"
+msgstr "Préfixe de module"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1162
+msgid "The license in our last example needs a prefix: this is because of how the @code{license} module was imported in the package, as @code{#:use-module ((guix licenses)  #:prefix license:)}.  The Guile module import mechanism (@pxref{Using Guile Modules,,, guile, Guile reference manual})  gives the user full control over namespacing: this is needed to avoid clashes between, say, the @samp{zlib} variable from @samp{licenses.scm} (a @emph{license} value) and the @samp{zlib} variable from @samp{compression.scm} (a @emph{package} value)."
+msgstr "La licence dans notre dernier exemple a besoin d'un préfixe à cause de la manière dont le module @code{licenses} a été importé dans le paquet, avec @code{#:use-module ((guix licenses) #:prefix license:)}. Le mécanisme d'import de module de Guile (@pxref{Using Guile Modules,,, guile, Guile reference manual}) permet de contrôler complètement l'espace de nom. Cela évite les conflits entre, disons, la variable @samp{zlib} de @samp{licenses.scm} (un @emph{licence}) et la variable @samp{zlib} de @samp{compression.scm} (un @emph{paquet})."
+
+#. type: subsection
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1163 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1164
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Other build systems"
+msgstr "Autres systèmes de construction"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1171
+msgid "What we've seen so far covers the majority of packages using a build system other than the @code{trivial-build-system}.  The latter does not automate anything and leaves you to build everything manually.  This can be more demanding and we won't cover it here for now, but thankfully it is rarely necessary to fall back on this system."
+msgstr "Ce que nous avons vu jusqu'ici couvre la majeur partie des paquets qui utilisent un système de construction autre que @code{trivial-build-system}. Ce dernier n'automatise rien et vous laisse tout construire par vous-même. C'est plus exigeant et nous n'en parlerons pas pour l'instant, mais heureusement il est rarement nécessaire d'aller jusqu'à ces extrémités."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1175
+msgid "For the other build systems, such as ASDF, Emacs, Perl, Ruby and many more, the process is very similar to the GNU build system except for a few specialized arguments."
+msgstr "Pour les autres systèmes de construction, comme ASDF, Emacs, Perl, Ruby et bien d'autres, le processus est très similaire à celui du système de construction de GNU en dehors de quelques arguments spécialisés."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1180
+msgid "@xref{Build Systems,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}, for more information on build systems, or check the source code in the @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/guix/build} and @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/guix/build-system} directories."
+msgstr "@xref{Systèmes de construction,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix}, pour plus d'informations sur les systèmes de construction, ou voir le code source dans les répertoires @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/guix/build} et @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/guix/build-system}."
+
+#. type: subsection
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1181 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1182
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Programmable and automated package definition"
+msgstr "Définition programmable et automatisée"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1186
+msgid "We can't repeat it enough: having a full-fledged programming language at hand empowers us in ways that reach far beyond traditional package management."
+msgstr "Nous ne le répéterons jamais assez : avoir un langage de programmation complet à disposition nous permet de faire bien plus de choses que la gestion de paquets traditionnelle."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1188
+msgid "Let's illustrate this with some awesome features of Guix!"
+msgstr "Illustrons cela avec certaines fonctionnalités géniales de Guix !"
+
+#. type: subsubsection
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1189 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1190
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Recursive importers"
+msgstr "Les importateurs récursifs"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1197
+msgid "You might find some build systems good enough that there is little to do at all to write a package, to the point that it becomes repetitive and tedious after a while.  A @emph{raison d'être} of computers is to replace human beings at those boring tasks.  So let's tell Guix to do this for us and create the package definition of an R package from CRAN (the output is trimmed for conciseness):"
+msgstr "Certains systèmes de constructions sont si bons qu'il n'y a presque rien à écrire pour créer un paquet, au point que cela devient rapidement répétitif et pénible. L'une des raisons d'être des ordinateurs est de remplacer les êtres humains pour ces taches barbantes. Disons donc à Guix de faire cela pour nous et de créer les définitions de paquets pour un paquet R venant de CRAN (la sortie est coupée par souci de place) :"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1200
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"$ guix import cran --recursive walrus\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"$ guix import cran --recursive walrus\n"
+"\n"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1204
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(define-public r-mc2d\n"
+"    ; ...\n"
+"    (license gpl2+)))\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(define-public r-mc2d\n"
+"    ; ...\n"
+"    (license gpl2+)))\n"
+"\n"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1208
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(define-public r-jmvcore\n"
+"    ; ...\n"
+"    (license gpl2+)))\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(define-public r-jmvcore\n"
+"    ; ...\n"
+"    (license gpl2+)))\n"
+"\n"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1212
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(define-public r-wrs2\n"
+"    ; ...\n"
+"    (license gpl3)))\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(define-public r-wrs2\n"
+"    ; ...\n"
+"    (license gpl3)))\n"
+"\n"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1241
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(define-public r-walrus\n"
+"  (package\n"
+"    (name \"r-walrus\")\n"
+"    (version \"1.0.3\")\n"
+"    (source\n"
+"      (origin\n"
+"        (method url-fetch)\n"
+"        (uri (cran-uri \"walrus\" version))\n"
+"        (sha256\n"
+"          (base32\n"
+"            \"1nk2glcvy4hyksl5ipq2mz8jy4fss90hx6cq98m3w96kzjni6jjj\"))))\n"
+"    (build-system r-build-system)\n"
+"    (propagated-inputs\n"
+"      `((\"r-ggplot2\" ,r-ggplot2)\n"
+"        (\"r-jmvcore\" ,r-jmvcore)\n"
+"        (\"r-r6\" ,r-r6)\n"
+"        (\"r-wrs2\" ,r-wrs2)))\n"
+"    (home-page \"https://github.com/jamovi/walrus\")\n"
+"    (synopsis \"Robust Statistical Methods\")\n"
+"    (description\n"
+"      \"This package provides a toolbox of common robust statistical\n"
+"tests, including robust descriptives, robust t-tests, and robust ANOVA.\n"
+"It is also available as a module for 'jamovi' (see\n"
+"<https://www.jamovi.org> for more information).  Walrus is based on the\n"
+"WRS2 package by Patrick Mair, which is in turn based on the scripts and\n"
+"work of Rand Wilcox.  These analyses are described in depth in the book\n"
+"'Introduction to Robust Estimation & Hypothesis Testing'.\")\n"
+"    (license gpl3)))\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(define-public r-walrus\n"
+"  (package\n"
+"    (name \"r-walrus\")\n"
+"    (version \"1.0.3\")\n"
+"    (source\n"
+"      (origin\n"
+"        (method url-fetch)\n"
+"        (uri (cran-uri \"walrus\" version))\n"
+"        (sha256\n"
+"          (base32\n"
+"            \"1nk2glcvy4hyksl5ipq2mz8jy4fss90hx6cq98m3w96kzjni6jjj\"))))\n"
+"    (build-system r-build-system)\n"
+"    (propagated-inputs\n"
+"      `((\"r-ggplot2\" ,r-ggplot2)\n"
+"        (\"r-jmvcore\" ,r-jmvcore)\n"
+"        (\"r-r6\" ,r-r6)\n"
+"        (\"r-wrs2\" ,r-wrs2)))\n"
+"    (home-page \"https://github.com/jamovi/walrus\")\n"
+"    (synopsis \"Robust Statistical Methods\")\n"
+"    (description\n"
+"      \"This package provides a toolbox of common robust statistical\n"
+"tests, including robust descriptives, robust t-tests, and robust ANOVA.\n"
+"It is also available as a module for 'jamovi' (see\n"
+"<https://www.jamovi.org> for more information).  Walrus is based on the\n"
+"WRS2 package by Patrick Mair, which is in turn based on the scripts and\n"
+"work of Rand Wilcox.  These analyses are described in depth in the book\n"
+"'Introduction to Robust Estimation & Hypothesis Testing'.\")\n"
+"    (license gpl3)))\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1245
+msgid "The recursive importer won't import packages for which Guix already has package definitions, except for the very first."
+msgstr "L'importateur récursif n'importera pas les paquets pour lesquels Guix a déjà une définition, sauf pour le tout premier."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1250
+msgid "Not all applications can be packaged this way, only those relying on a select number of supported systems.  Read about the full list of importers in the guix import section of the manual (@pxref{Invoking guix import,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual})."
+msgstr "Toutes les applications ne peuvent pas être empaquetées de cette manière, seules celles qui s'appuient sur un nombre restreint de systèmes pris en charge le peuvent. Vous trouverez la liste complète des importateurs dans la section dédiée du manuel (@pxref{Invoquer guix import,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU})."
+
+#. type: subsubsection
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1251 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1252
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Automatic update"
+msgstr "Mise à jour automatique"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1256
+msgid "Guix can be smart enough to check for updates on systems it knows.  It can report outdated package definitions with"
+msgstr "Guix peut être assez intelligent pour vérifier s'il y a des mises à jour sur les systèmes qu'il connaît. Il peut rapporter les paquets anciens avec"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1259
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "$ guix refresh hello\n"
+msgstr "$ guix refresh hello\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1264
+msgid "In most cases, updating a package to a newer version requires little more than changing the version number and the checksum.  Guix can do that automatically as well:"
+msgstr "La plupart du temps, mettre à jour un paquet vers une nouvelle version ne demande pas beaucoup plus que de changer le numéro de version et la somme de contrôle. Guix peut aussi le faire automatiquement :"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1267
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "$ guix refresh hello --update\n"
+msgstr "$ guix refresh hello --update\n"
+
+#. type: subsubsection
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1269 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1270
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Inheritance"
+msgstr "Héritage"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1274
+msgid "If you've started browsing the existing package definitions, you might have noticed that a significant number of them have a @code{inherit} field:"
+msgstr "Si vous avez commencé à regarder des définitions de paquets existantes, vous avez peut-être remarqué qu'un certain nombre d'entre elles ont un champ @code{inherit} :"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1290
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(define-public adwaita-icon-theme\n"
+"  (package (inherit gnome-icon-theme)\n"
+"    (name \"adwaita-icon-theme\")\n"
+"    (version \"3.26.1\")\n"
+"    (source (origin\n"
+"              (method url-fetch)\n"
+"              (uri (string-append \"mirror://gnome/sources/\" name \"/\"\n"
+"                                  (version-major+minor version) \"/\"\n"
+"                                  name \"-\" version \".tar.xz\"))\n"
+"              (sha256\n"
+"               (base32\n"
+"                \"17fpahgh5dyckgz7rwqvzgnhx53cx9kr2xw0szprc6bnqy977fi8\"))))\n"
+"    (native-inputs\n"
+"     `((\"gtk-encode-symbolic-svg\" ,gtk+ \"bin\")))))\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(define-public adwaita-icon-theme\n"
+"  (package (inherit gnome-icon-theme)\n"
+"    (name \"adwaita-icon-theme\")\n"
+"    (version \"3.26.1\")\n"
+"    (source (origin\n"
+"              (method url-fetch)\n"
+"              (uri (string-append \"mirror://gnome/sources/\" name \"/\"\n"
+"                                  (version-major+minor version) \"/\"\n"
+"                                  name \"-\" version \".tar.xz\"))\n"
+"              (sha256\n"
+"               (base32\n"
+"                \"17fpahgh5dyckgz7rwqvzgnhx53cx9kr2xw0szprc6bnqy977fi8\"))))\n"
+"    (native-inputs\n"
+"     `((\"gtk-encode-symbolic-svg\" ,gtk+ \"bin\")))))\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1295
+msgid "All unspecified fields are inherited from the parent package.  This is very convenient to create alternative packages, for instance with different source, version or compilation options."
+msgstr "Tous les champs non spécifiés héritent du paquet parent. C'est très pratique pour créer un paquet alternatif, par exemple avec une source, une version ou des options de compilation différentes."
+
+#. type: subsection
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1296 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1297
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Getting help"
+msgstr "Se faire aider"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1303
+msgid "Sadly, some applications can be tough to package.  Sometimes they need a patch to work with the non-standard file system hierarchy enforced by the store.  Sometimes the tests won't run properly.  (They can be skipped but this is not recommended.)  Other times the resulting package won't be reproducible."
+msgstr "Malheureusement, certaines applications peuvent être difficiles à empaqueter. Parfois elles ont besoin d'un correctif pour fonctionner avec la hiérarchie du système de fichiers non standard imposée par de dépôt. Parfois les tests ne se lancent pas correctement (vous pouvez les passer mais ce n'est pas recommandé). Parfois le paquet n'est pas reproductible."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1306
+msgid "Should you be stuck, unable to figure out how to fix any sort of packaging issue, don't hesitate to ask the community for help."
+msgstr "Si vous êtes bloqué·e, incapable de trouver comme corriger un problème d'empaquetage, n'hésitez pas à demander de l'aide à la communauté."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1308
+msgid "See the @uref{https://www.gnu.org/software/guix/contact/, Guix homepage} for information on the mailing lists, IRC, etc."
+msgstr "voir la @uref{https://guix.gnu.org/fr/contact/,la page d'accueil de Guix} pour plus d'informations sur les listes de diffusion, IRC, etc."
+
+#. type: subsection
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1309 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1310
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Conclusion"
+msgstr "Conclusion"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1316
+msgid "This tutorial was a showcase of the sophisticated package management that Guix boasts.  At this point we have mostly restricted this introduction to the @code{gnu-build-system} which is a core abstraction layer on which more advanced abstractions are based."
+msgstr "Ce didacticiel vous a montré la gestion des paquets sophistiquée dont Guix se targue. Maintenant, nous avons restreint cette introduction au système @code{gnu-build-system} qui est un niveau d'abstraction essentiel sur lequel des niveaux d'abstraction plus avancés se reposent."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1321
+msgid "Where do we go from here? Next we ought to dissect the innards of the build system by removing all abstractions, using the @code{trivial-build-system}: this should give us a thorough understanding of the process before investigating some more advanced packaging techniques and edge cases."
+msgstr "Comment continuer ? Nous devrions ensuite disséquer le fonctionnement interne des systèmes de construction en supprimant toutes les abstractions, avec le @code{trivial-build-system} : cela vous permettra de bien comprendre le processus avant de voir des techniques plus avancées et certains cas particuliers."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1324
+msgid "Other features worth exploring are the interactive editing and debugging capabilities of Guix provided by the Guile REPL@."
+msgstr "D'autres fonctionnalités que vous devriez explorer sont l'édition interactive et les possibilités de débogage de Guix fournies par la REPL de Guile."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1329
+msgid "Those fancy features are completely optional and can wait; now is a good time to take a well-deserved break.  With what we've introduced here you should be well armed to package lots of programs.  You can get started right away and hopefully we will see your contributions soon!"
+msgstr "Ces fonctionnalités avancées sont complètement facultatives et peuvent attendre ; maintenant vous devriez prendre une pause bien méritée. Avec ce dont nous venons de parler ici vous devriez être bien armé·e pour empaqueter de nombreux paquets. Vous pouvez commencer dès maintenant et on espère voir votre contribution bientôt !"
+
+#. type: subsection
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1330 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1331
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "References"
+msgstr "Références"
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1336
+msgid "The @uref{https://www.gnu.org/software/guix/manual/en/html_node/Defining-Packages.html, package reference in the manual}"
+msgstr "La @uref{https://guix.gnu.org/manual/devel/fr/html_node/reference-de-package.html, référence des paquets dans le manuel}"
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1339
+msgid "@uref{https://gitlab.com/pjotrp/guix-notes/blob/master/HACKING.org, Pjotr’s hacking guide to GNU Guix}"
+msgstr "@uref{https://gitlab.com/pjotrp/guix-notes/blob/master/HACKING.org, le guide de bidouillage de GNU Guix de Pjotr}"
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1342
+msgid "@uref{https://www.gnu.org/software/guix/guix-ghm-andreas-20130823.pdf, ``GNU Guix: Package without a scheme!''}, by Andreas Enge"
+msgstr "@uref{https://www.gnu.org/software/guix/guix-ghm-andreas-20130823.pdf, « GNU Guix: Package without a scheme! »}, d'Andreas Enge"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1351
+msgid "Guix offers a flexible language for declaratively configuring your Guix System.  This flexibility can at times be overwhelming.  The purpose of this chapter is to demonstrate some advanced configuration concepts."
+msgstr "Guix propose un langage flexible pour déclarer la configuration de votre système Guix. Cette flexibilité peut parfois paraître écrasante. Le but de ce chapitre est de vous montrer quelques concepts de configuration avancés."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1354
+msgid "@pxref{System Configuration,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual} for a complete reference."
+msgstr "@pxref{Configuration du système,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix} pour une référence complète."
+
+#. type: menuentry
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1364
+msgid "Creating and using a custom Linux kernel on Guix System."
+msgstr "Créer et utiliser un noyau Linux personnalisé sur le système Guix."
+
+#. type: section
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1364 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1606
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1607
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Guix System Image API"
+msgstr "L'API de création d'images du système Guix"
+
+#. type: menuentry
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1364
+msgid "Customizing images to target specific platforms."
+msgstr "Personnaliser des images pour des plateformes particulières."
+
+#. type: section
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1364 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1817
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1818
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Connecting to Wireguard VPN"
+msgstr "Se connecter à un VPN Wireguard"
+
+#. type: menuentry
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1364
+msgid "Connecting to a Wireguard VPN."
+msgstr "Se connecter à un VPN Wireguard."
+
+#. type: section
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1364 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1894
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1895
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Customizing a Window Manager"
+msgstr "Personnaliser un gestionnaire de fenêtres"
+
+#. type: menuentry
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1364
+msgid "Handle customization of a Window manager on Guix System."
+msgstr "Gérer la personnalisation d'un gestionnaire de fenêtres sur le système Guix."
+
+#. type: section
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1364 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1985
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1986
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Running Guix on a Linode Server"
+msgstr "Lancer Guix sur un serveur Linode"
+
+#. type: section
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1364 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2225
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2226
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Setting up a bind mount"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: menuentry
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1364
+msgid "Setting up a bind mount in the file-systems definition."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: section
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1364 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2274
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2275
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Getting substitutes from Tor"
+msgstr "Récupérer des substituts via Tor"
+
+#. type: menuentry
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1364
+msgid "Configuring Guix daemon to get substitutes through Tor."
+msgstr "Configurer le démon Guix pour récupérer les substituts via Tor."
+
+#. type: section
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1364 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2336
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2337
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Setting up NGINX with Lua"
+msgstr "Configurer NGINX avec Lua"
+
+#. type: menuentry
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1364
+msgid "Configuring NGINX web-server to load Lua modules."
+msgstr "Configurer le serveur web NGINX pour qu'il charge des modules Lua."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1376
+msgid "Guix is, at its core, a source based distribution with substitutes (@pxref{Substitutes,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}), and as such building packages from their source code is an expected part of regular package installations and upgrades.  Given this starting point, it makes sense that efforts are made to reduce the amount of time spent compiling packages, and recent changes and upgrades to the building and distribution of substitutes continues to be a topic of discussion within Guix."
+msgstr "Guix est, en son cœur, une distribution source avec des substituts (@pxref{Substituts,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix}), et donc construire des paquets à partir de leur code source est normal pendant les installations et les mis à jour de paquets. Malgré tout, c'est aussi normal d'essayer de réduire le temps passé à compiler des paquets, et les changements récents et futurs concernant la construction et la distribution des substituts continue d'être un sujet de discussion dans le projet Guix."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1382
+msgid "The kernel, while not requiring an overabundance of RAM to build, does take a rather long time on an average machine.  The official kernel configuration, as is the case with many GNU/Linux distributions, errs on the side of inclusiveness, and this is really what causes the build to take such a long time when the kernel is built from source."
+msgstr "Le noyau, bien qu'il ne demande pas énormément de RAM pour être construit, prend assez long à construire sur une machine usuelle. La configuration du noyau officielle, comme avec la plupart des autres distributions GNU/Linux, penche du côté de l'inclusivité, et c'est vraiment ça qui rend la construction aussi longue à partir des sources."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1387
+msgid "The Linux kernel, however, can also just be described as a regular old package, and as such can be customized just like any other package.  The procedure is a little bit different, although this is primarily due to the nature of how the package definition is written."
+msgstr "Le noyau Linux, cependant, peut aussi être décrit comme un simple paquet comme les autres, et peut donc être personnalisé comme n'importe quel autre paquet. La procédure est un peu différente, même si c'est surtout dû à la nature de la définition du paquet."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1390
+msgid "The @code{linux-libre} kernel package definition is actually a procedure which creates a package."
+msgstr "Le paquet du noyau @code{linux-libre} est en fait une procédure qui crée un paquet."
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1402
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(define* (make-linux-libre version hash supported-systems\n"
+"                           #:key\n"
+"                           ;; A function that takes an arch and a variant.\n"
+"                           ;; See kernel-config for an example.\n"
+"                           (extra-version #false)\n"
+"                           (configuration-file #false)\n"
+"                           (defconfig \"defconfig\")\n"
+"                           (extra-options %default-extra-linux-options)\n"
+"                           (patches (list %boot-logo-patch)))\n"
+"  ...)\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(define* (make-linux-libre version hash supported-systems\n"
+"                           #:key\n"
+"                           ;; A function that takes an arch and a variant.\n"
+"                           ;; See kernel-config for an example.\n"
+"                           (extra-version #false)\n"
+"                           (configuration-file #false)\n"
+"                           (defconfig \"defconfig\")\n"
+"                           (extra-options %default-extra-linux-options)\n"
+"                           (patches (list %boot-logo-patch)))\n"
+"  ...)\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1406
+msgid "The current @code{linux-libre} package is for the 5.1.x series, and is declared like this:"
+msgstr "Le paquet @code{linux-libre} actuel pour la série 5.1.x, est déclaré comme ceci :"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1414
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(define-public linux-libre\n"
+"  (make-linux-libre %linux-libre-version\n"
+"                    %linux-libre-hash\n"
+"                    '(\"x86_64-linux\" \"i686-linux\" \"armhf-linux\" \"aarch64-linux\")\n"
+"                    #:patches %linux-libre-5.1-patches\n"
+"                    #:configuration-file kernel-config))\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(define-public linux-libre\n"
+"  (make-linux-libre %linux-libre-version\n"
+"                    %linux-libre-hash\n"
+"                    '(\"x86_64-linux\" \"i686-linux\" \"armhf-linux\" \"aarch64-linux\")\n"
+"                    #:patches %linux-libre-5.1-patches\n"
+"                    #:configuration-file kernel-config))\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1423
+msgid "Any keys which are not assigned values inherit their default value from the @code{make-linux-libre} definition.  When comparing the two snippets above, you may notice that the code comment in the first doesn't actually refer to the @code{#:extra-version} keyword; it is actually for @code{#:configuration-file}.  Because of this, it is not actually easy to include a custom kernel configuration from the definition, but don't worry, there are other ways to work with what we do have."
+msgstr "Les clés qui n'ont pas de valeur associée prennent leur valeur par défaut dans la définition de @code{make-linux-libre}. Lorsque vous comparez les deux bouts de code ci-dessus, vous aurez remarqué que le commentaire du premier ne correspond pas au mot-clé @code{#:extra-version}, mais à @code{#:configuration-file}. À cause de cela, il n'est pas facile d'inclure une configuration personnalisée du noyau à partir de la définition, mais ne vous inquiétez pas, il y a d'autres moyens de travailler avec ce qu'on a."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1429
+msgid "There are two ways to create a kernel with a custom kernel configuration.  The first is to provide a standard @file{.config} file during the build process by including an actual @file{.config} file as a native input to our custom kernel.  The following is a snippet from the custom @code{'configure} phase of the @code{make-linux-libre} package definition:"
+msgstr "Il y a deux manières de créer un noyau avec une configuration personnalisée. La première consiste à fournir un fichier @file{.config} standard au processus de construction en ajoutant un fichier @file{.config} comme entrée native de notre noyau. Voici un bout de code correspondant à la phase @code{'configure} de la définition de paquet @code{make-linux-libre} :"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1433
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(let ((build  (assoc-ref %standard-phases 'build))\n"
+"      (config (assoc-ref (or native-inputs inputs) \"kconfig\")))\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(let ((build  (assoc-ref %standard-phases 'build))\n"
+"      (config (assoc-ref (or native-inputs inputs) \"kconfig\")))\n"
+"\n"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1441
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"  ;; Use a custom kernel configuration file or a default\n"
+"  ;; configuration file.\n"
+"  (if config\n"
+"      (begin\n"
+"        (copy-file config \".config\")\n"
+"        (chmod \".config\" #o666))\n"
+"      (invoke \"make\" ,defconfig)))\n"
+msgstr ""
+"  ;; Use a custom kernel configuration file or a default\n"
+"  ;; configuration file.\n"
+"  (if config\n"
+"      (begin\n"
+"        (copy-file config \".config\")\n"
+"        (chmod \".config\" #o666))\n"
+"      (invoke \"make\" ,defconfig)))\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1446
+msgid "Below is a sample kernel package.  The @code{linux-libre} package is nothing special and can be inherited from and have its fields overridden like any other package:"
+msgstr "Et voici un exemple de paquet de noyau. Le paquet @code{linux-libre} n'a rien de spécial, on peut en hériter et remplacer ses champs comme n'importe quel autre paquet :"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1455
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(define-public linux-libre/E2140\n"
+"  (package\n"
+"    (inherit linux-libre)\n"
+"    (native-inputs\n"
+"     `((\"kconfig\" ,(local-file \"E2140.config\"))\n"
+"      ,@@(alist-delete \"kconfig\"\n"
+"                      (package-native-inputs linux-libre))))))\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(define-public linux-libre/E2140\n"
+"  (package\n"
+"    (inherit linux-libre)\n"
+"    (native-inputs\n"
+"     `((\"kconfig\" ,(local-file \"E2140.config\"))\n"
+"      ,@@(alist-delete \"kconfig\"\n"
+"                      (package-native-inputs linux-libre))))))\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1462
+msgid "In the same directory as the file defining @code{linux-libre-E2140} is a file named @file{E2140.config}, which is an actual kernel configuration file.  The @code{defconfig} keyword of @code{make-linux-libre} is left blank here, so the only kernel configuration in the package is the one which was included in the @code{native-inputs} field."
+msgstr "Dans le même répertoire que le fichier définissant @code{linux-libre-E2140} se trouve un fichier nommé @file{E2140.config}, qui est un fichier de configuration du noyau. Le mot-clé @code{defconfig} de @code{make-linux-libre} reste vide ici, donc la configuration du noyau dans le paquet est celle qui sera incluse dans le champ @code{native-inputs}."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1467
+msgid "The second way to create a custom kernel is to pass a new value to the @code{extra-options} keyword of the @code{make-linux-libre} procedure.  The @code{extra-options} keyword works with another function defined right below it:"
+msgstr "La deuxième manière de créer un noyau personnalisé est de passer une nouvelle valeur au mot-clé @code{extra-options} de la procédure @code{make-linux-libre}. Le mot-clé @code{extra-options} fonctionne avec une autre fonction définie juste en dessous :"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1483
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(define %default-extra-linux-options\n"
+"  `(;; https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/guix-devel/2014-04/msg00039.html\n"
+"   (\"CONFIG_DEVPTS_MULTIPLE_INSTANCES\" . #true)\n"
+"   ;; Modules required for initrd:\n"
+"   (\"CONFIG_NET_9P\" . m)\n"
+"   (\"CONFIG_NET_9P_VIRTIO\" . m)\n"
+"   (\"CONFIG_VIRTIO_BLK\" . m)\n"
+"   (\"CONFIG_VIRTIO_NET\" . m)\n"
+"   (\"CONFIG_VIRTIO_PCI\" . m)\n"
+"   (\"CONFIG_VIRTIO_BALLOON\" . m)\n"
+"   (\"CONFIG_VIRTIO_MMIO\" . m)\n"
+"   (\"CONFIG_FUSE_FS\" . m)\n"
+"   (\"CONFIG_CIFS\" . m)\n"
+"   (\"CONFIG_9P_FS\" . m)))\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(define %default-extra-linux-options\n"
+"  `(;; https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/guix-devel/2014-04/msg00039.html\n"
+"   (\"CONFIG_DEVPTS_MULTIPLE_INSTANCES\" . #true)\n"
+"   ;; Modules required for initrd:\n"
+"   (\"CONFIG_NET_9P\" . m)\n"
+"   (\"CONFIG_NET_9P_VIRTIO\" . m)\n"
+"   (\"CONFIG_VIRTIO_BLK\" . m)\n"
+"   (\"CONFIG_VIRTIO_NET\" . m)\n"
+"   (\"CONFIG_VIRTIO_PCI\" . m)\n"
+"   (\"CONFIG_VIRTIO_BALLOON\" . m)\n"
+"   (\"CONFIG_VIRTIO_MMIO\" . m)\n"
+"   (\"CONFIG_FUSE_FS\" . m)\n"
+"   (\"CONFIG_CIFS\" . m)\n"
+"   (\"CONFIG_9P_FS\" . m)))\n"
+"\n"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1494
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(define (config->string options)\n"
+"  (string-join (map (match-lambda\n"
+"                      ((option . 'm)\n"
+"                       (string-append option \"=m\"))\n"
+"                      ((option . #true)\n"
+"                       (string-append option \"=y\"))\n"
+"                      ((option . #false)\n"
+"                       (string-append option \"=n\")))\n"
+"                    options)\n"
+"               \"\\n\"))\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(define (config->string options)\n"
+"  (string-join (map (match-lambda\n"
+"                      ((option . 'm)\n"
+"                       (string-append option \"=m\"))\n"
+"                      ((option . #true)\n"
+"                       (string-append option \"=y\"))\n"
+"                      ((option . #false)\n"
+"                       (string-append option \"=n\")))\n"
+"                    options)\n"
+"               \"\\n\"))\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1497
+msgid "And in the custom configure script from the `make-linux-libre` package:"
+msgstr "Et dans le script configure personnalisé du paquet « make-linux-libre » :"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1505
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+";; Appending works even when the option wasn't in the\n"
+";; file.  The last one prevails if duplicated.\n"
+"(let ((port (open-file \".config\" \"a\"))\n"
+"      (extra-configuration ,(config->string extra-options)))\n"
+"  (display extra-configuration port)\n"
+"  (close-port port))\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+";; Appending works even when the option wasn't in the\n"
+";; file.  The last one prevails if duplicated.\n"
+"(let ((port (open-file \".config\" \"a\"))\n"
+"      (extra-configuration ,(config->string extra-options)))\n"
+"  (display extra-configuration port)\n"
+"  (close-port port))\n"
+"\n"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1507
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "(invoke \"make\" \"oldconfig\")\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1512
+msgid "So by not providing a configuration-file the @file{.config} starts blank, and then we write into it the collection of flags that we want.  Here's another custom kernel:"
+msgstr "Donc, en ne fournissant pas de fichier de configuration le fichier @file{.config} est au départ vide et on écrit ensuite l'ensemble des drapeaux que l'on veut. Voici un autre noyau personnalisé :"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1520
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(define %macbook41-full-config\n"
+"  (append %macbook41-config-options\n"
+"          %file-systems\n"
+"          %efi-support\n"
+"          %emulation\n"
+"          (@@@@ (gnu packages linux) %default-extra-linux-options)))\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(define %macbook41-full-config\n"
+"  (append %macbook41-config-options\n"
+"          %file-systems\n"
+"          %efi-support\n"
+"          %emulation\n"
+"          (@@@@ (gnu packages linux) %default-extra-linux-options)))\n"
+"\n"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1530
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(define-public linux-libre-macbook41\n"
+"  ;; XXX: Access the internal 'make-linux-libre' procedure, which is\n"
+"  ;; private and unexported, and is liable to change in the future.\n"
+"  ((@@@@ (gnu packages linux) make-linux-libre) (@@@@ (gnu packages linux) %linux-libre-version)\n"
+"                      (@@@@ (gnu packages linux) %linux-libre-hash)\n"
+"                      '(\"x86_64-linux\")\n"
+"                      #:extra-version \"macbook41\"\n"
+"                      #:patches (@@@@ (gnu packages linux) %linux-libre-5.1-patches)\n"
+"                      #:extra-options %macbook41-config-options))\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(define-public linux-libre-macbook41\n"
+"  ;; XXX: Access the internal 'make-linux-libre' procedure, which is\n"
+"  ;; private and unexported, and is liable to change in the future.\n"
+"  ((@@@@ (gnu packages linux) make-linux-libre) (@@@@ (gnu packages linux) %linux-libre-version)\n"
+"                      (@@@@ (gnu packages linux) %linux-libre-hash)\n"
+"                      '(\"x86_64-linux\")\n"
+"                      #:extra-version \"macbook41\"\n"
+"                      #:patches (@@@@ (gnu packages linux) %linux-libre-5.1-patches)\n"
+"                      #:extra-options %macbook41-config-options))\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1537
+msgid "In the above example @code{%file-systems} is a collection of flags enabling different file system support, @code{%efi-support} enables EFI support and @code{%emulation} enables a x86_64-linux machine to act in 32-bit mode also.  @code{%default-extra-linux-options} are the ones quoted above, which had to be added in since they were replaced in the @code{extra-options} keyword."
+msgstr "Dans l'exemple ci-dessus @code{%fale-systems} est un ensemble de drapeaux qui activent la prise en charge de différents systèmes de fichiers, @code{%efi-support} active la prise en charge de l'EFI et @code{%emulation} permet à une machine x86_64-linux de fonctionner aussi en mode 32-bits. @code{%default-extra-linux-options} sont l'ensemble de ces options et elles devaient être ajoutées puisqu'elles ont été remplacées dans le mot-clé @code{extra-options}."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1546
+msgid "This all sounds like it should be doable, but how does one even know which modules are required for a particular system? Two places that can be helpful in trying to answer this question is the @uref{https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Handbook:AMD64/Installation/Kernel, Gentoo Handbook} and the @uref{https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/admin-guide/README.html?highlight=localmodconfig, documentation from the kernel itself}.  From the kernel documentation, it seems that @code{make localmodconfig} is the command we want."
+msgstr "Tout ça est bien beau, mais comment savoir quels modules sont requis pour un système en particulier ? Il y a deux ressources qui peuvent être utiles pour répondre à cette question : le @uref{https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Handbook:AMD64/Installation/Kernel, manuel de Gentoo} et la @uref{https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/admin-guide/README.html?highlight=localmodconfig, documentation du noyau}. D'après la documentation du noyau, il semble que la commande @code{make localmodconfig} soit la bonne."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1549
+msgid "In order to actually run @code{make localmodconfig} we first need to get and unpack the kernel source code:"
+msgstr "Pour lancer @code{make localmodconfig} on doit d'abord récupérer et décompresser le code source du noyau :"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1552
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "tar xf $(guix build linux-libre --source)\n"
+msgstr "tar xf $(guix build linux-libre --source)\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1559
+msgid "Once inside the directory containing the source code run @code{touch .config} to create an initial, empty @file{.config} to start with.  @code{make localmodconfig} works by seeing what you already have in @file{.config} and letting you know what you're missing.  If the file is blank then you're missing everything.  The next step is to run:"
+msgstr "Une fois dans le répertoire contenant le code source lancez @code{touch .config} pour créer un fichier @file{.config} initialement vide pour commencer. @code{make localmodconfig} fonctionne en remarquant que avec déjà un @file{.config} et en vous disant ce qu'il vous manque. Si le fichier est vide, il vous manquera tout ce qui est nécessaire. L'étape suivante consiste à lancer :"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1562
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "guix environment linux-libre -- make localmodconfig\n"
+msgstr "guix environment linux-libre -- make localmodconfig\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1567
+msgid "and note the output.  Do note that the @file{.config} file is still empty.  The output generally contains two types of warnings.  The first start with \"WARNING\" and can actually be ignored in our case.  The second read:"
+msgstr "et regardez la sortie. Remarquez que le fichier @file{.config} est toujours vide. La sortie contient en général deux types d'avertissements. Le premier commence par « WARNING » et peut être ignoré dans notre cas. Le deuxième dit :"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1570
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "module pcspkr did not have configs CONFIG_INPUT_PCSPKR\n"
+msgstr "module pcspkr did not have configs CONFIG_INPUT_PCSPKR\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1575
+msgid "For each of these lines, copy the @code{CONFIG_XXXX_XXXX} portion into the @file{.config} in the directory, and append @code{=m}, so in the end it looks like this:"
+msgstr "Pour chacune de ces lignes, copiez la partie @code{CONFIG_XXXX_XXXX} dans le @file{.config} du répertoire et ajoutez @code{=m} pour qu'à la fin il ressemble à cela :"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1579
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"CONFIG_INPUT_PCSPKR=m\n"
+"CONFIG_VIRTIO=m\n"
+msgstr ""
+"CONFIG_INPUT_PCSPKR=m\n"
+"CONFIG_VIRTIO=m\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1588
+msgid "After copying all the configuration options, run @code{make localmodconfig} again to make sure that you don't have any output starting with ``module''.  After all of these machine specific modules there are a couple more left that are also needed.  @code{CONFIG_MODULES} is necessary so that you can build and load modules separately and not have everything built into the kernel.  @code{CONFIG_BLK_DEV_SD} is required for reading from hard drives.  It is possible that there are other modules which you will need."
+msgstr "Après avoir copié toutes les options de configuration, lancez @code{make localmodconfig} de nouveau pour vous assurer que vous n'avez pas de sortie commençant par « module ». Après tous ces modules spécifiques à la machine, il y en a encore quelques uns que nous devons aussi définir. @code{CONFIG_MODULES} est nécessaire pour que nous puissions construire et charger les modules séparément et ne pas tout construire dans le noyau. @code{CONFIG_BLK_DEV_SD} est requis pour lire les disques durs. Il est possible que vous aillez besoin de quelques autres modules."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1592
+msgid "This post does not aim to be a guide to configuring your own kernel however, so if you do decide to build a custom kernel you'll have to seek out other guides to create a kernel which is just right for your needs."
+msgstr "Cet article n'a pas pour but de vous guider dans la configuration de votre propre noyau cependant, donc si vous décidez de construire un noyau personnalisé vous devrez chercher d'autres guides pour créer un noyau qui vous convient."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1600
+msgid "The second way to setup the kernel configuration makes more use of Guix's features and allows you to share configuration segments between different kernels.  For example, all machines using EFI to boot have a number of EFI configuration flags that they need.  It is likely that all the kernels will share a list of file systems to support.  By using variables it is easier to see at a glance what features are enabled and to make sure you don't have features in one kernel but missing in another."
+msgstr "La deuxième manière de configurer le noyau utilise un peu plus les fonctionnalités de Guix et vous permettent de partager des bouts de configuration entre différents noyaux. Par exemple, toutes les machines avec un démarrage EFI ont besoin d'un certain nombre de configurations. Tous les noyaux vont probablement partager une liste de systèmes de fichiers à prendre en charge. En utilisant des variables il est facile de voir du premier coup quelles fonctionnalités sont activées pour vous assurer que vous n'avez pas des fonctionnalités dans un noyau qui manquent dans un autre."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1605
+msgid "Left undiscussed however, is Guix's initrd and its customization.  It is likely that you'll need to modify the initrd on a machine using a custom kernel, since certain modules which are expected to be built may not be available for inclusion into the initrd."
+msgstr "Cependant, nous ne parlons pas de la personnalisation du disque de ram initial. Vous devrez sans doute modifier le disque de ram initial sur les machines qui utilisent un noyau personnalisé, puisque certains modules attendus peuvent ne pas être disponibles."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1612
+msgid "Historically, Guix System is centered around an @code{operating-system} structure.  This structure contains various fields ranging from the bootloader and kernel declaration to the services to install."
+msgstr "Historiquement, le système Guix est centré sur une structure @code{operating-system}. Cette structure contient divers champs qui vont du chargeur d'amorçage et à la déclaration du noyau aux services à installer."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1618
+msgid "Depending on the target machine, that can go from a standard @code{x86_64} machine to a small ARM single board computer such as the Pine64, the image constraints can vary a lot.  The hardware manufacturers will impose different image formats with various partition sizes and offsets."
+msgstr "En fonction de la machine cible, qui peut aller d'une machine @code{x86_64} standard à un petit ordinateur ARM sur carte unique comme le Pine64, les contraintes sur l'image varient beaucoup. Les fabricants imposent différents formats d'image avec plusieurs tailles de partitions et de positions."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1623
+msgid "To create images suitable for all those machines, a new abstraction is necessary: that's the goal of the @code{image} record.  This record contains all the required information to be transformed into a standalone image, that can be directly booted on any target machine."
+msgstr "Pour créer des images convenables pour toutes ces machines, une nouvelle abstraction est nécessaire : c'est le but de l'enregistrement @code{image}. Cet enregistrement contient toutes les informations requises pour être transformé en une image complète, qui peut être directement démarrée sur une machine cible."
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1645
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(define-record-type* <image>\n"
+"  image make-image\n"
+"  image?\n"
+"  (name               image-name ;symbol\n"
+"                      (default #f))\n"
+"  (format             image-format) ;symbol\n"
+"  (target             image-target\n"
+"                      (default #f))\n"
+"  (size               image-size  ;size in bytes as integer\n"
+"                      (default 'guess))\n"
+"  (operating-system   image-operating-system  ;<operating-system>\n"
+"                      (default #f))\n"
+"  (partitions         image-partitions ;list of <partition>\n"
+"                      (default '()))\n"
+"  (compression?       image-compression? ;boolean\n"
+"                      (default #t))\n"
+"  (volatile-root?     image-volatile-root? ;boolean\n"
+"                      (default #t))\n"
+"  (substitutable?     image-substitutable? ;boolean\n"
+"                      (default #t)))\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(define-record-type* <image>\n"
+"  image make-image\n"
+"  image?\n"
+"  (name               image-name ;symbol\n"
+"                      (default #f))\n"
+"  (format             image-format) ;symbol\n"
+"  (target             image-target\n"
+"                      (default #f))\n"
+"  (size               image-size  ;size in bytes as integer\n"
+"                      (default 'guess))\n"
+"  (operating-system   image-operating-system  ;<operating-system>\n"
+"                      (default #f))\n"
+"  (partitions         image-partitions ;list of <partition>\n"
+"                      (default '()))\n"
+"  (compression?       image-compression? ;boolean\n"
+"                      (default #t))\n"
+"  (volatile-root?     image-volatile-root? ;boolean\n"
+"                      (default #t))\n"
+"  (substitutable?     image-substitutable? ;boolean\n"
+"                      (default #t)))\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1651
+msgid "This record contains the operating-system to instantiate. The @code{format} field defines the image type and can be @code{efi-raw}, @code{qcow2} or @code{iso9660} for instance. In the future, it could be extended to @code{docker} or other image types."
+msgstr "Cet enregistrement contient le système d'exploitation à instancier. Le champ @code{format} défini le type d'image et peut être @code{efi-raw}, @code{qcow2} ou @code{iso9660} par exemple. Plus tard, on prévoit de l'étendre à @code{docker} et aux autres types d'images."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1654
+msgid "A new directory in the Guix sources is dedicated to images definition. For now there are four files:"
+msgstr "Un nouveau répertoire dans les sources de Guix est dédié aux définitions des images. Pour l'instant il y a quatre fichiers :"
+
+#. type: file{#1}
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1656
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "gnu/system/images/hurd.scm"
+msgstr "gnu/system/images/hurd.scm"
+
+#. type: file{#1}
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1657
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "gnu/system/images/pine64.scm"
+msgstr "gnu/system/images/pine64.scm"
+
+#. type: file{#1}
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1658
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "gnu/system/images/novena.scm"
+msgstr "gnu/system/images/novena.scm"
+
+#. type: file{#1}
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1659
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "gnu/system/images/pinebook-pro.scm"
+msgstr "gnu/system/images/pinebook-pro.scm"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1665
+msgid "Let's have a look to @file{pine64.scm}. It contains the @code{pine64-barebones-os} variable which is a minimal definition of an operating-system dedicated to the @b{Pine A64 LTS} board."
+msgstr "Regardons le fichier @file{pine64.scm}. Il contient la variable @code{pine64-barebones-os} qui est une définition minimale d'un système d'exploitation dédié à la carte @b{Pine A64 LTS}."
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1689
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(define pine64-barebones-os\n"
+"  (operating-system\n"
+"   (host-name \"vignemale\")\n"
+"   (timezone \"Europe/Paris\")\n"
+"   (locale \"en_US.utf8\")\n"
+"   (bootloader (bootloader-configuration\n"
+"                (bootloader u-boot-pine64-lts-bootloader)\n"
+"                (target \"/dev/vda\")))\n"
+"   (initrd-modules '())\n"
+"   (kernel linux-libre-arm64-generic)\n"
+"   (file-systems (cons (file-system\n"
+"                        (device (file-system-label \"my-root\"))\n"
+"                        (mount-point \"/\")\n"
+"                        (type \"ext4\"))\n"
+"                       %base-file-systems))\n"
+"   (services (cons (service agetty-service-type\n"
+"                            (agetty-configuration\n"
+"                             (extra-options '(\"-L\")) ; no carrier detect\n"
+"                             (baud-rate \"115200\")\n"
+"                             (term \"vt100\")\n"
+"                             (tty \"ttyS0\")))\n"
+"                   %base-services))))\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(define pine64-barebones-os\n"
+"  (operating-system\n"
+"   (host-name \"vignemale\")\n"
+"   (timezone \"Europe/Paris\")\n"
+"   (locale \"en_US.utf8\")\n"
+"   (bootloader (bootloader-configuration\n"
+"                (bootloader u-boot-pine64-lts-bootloader)\n"
+"                (target \"/dev/vda\")))\n"
+"   (initrd-modules '())\n"
+"   (kernel linux-libre-arm64-generic)\n"
+"   (file-systems (cons (file-system\n"
+"                        (device (file-system-label \"my-root\"))\n"
+"                        (mount-point \"/\")\n"
+"                        (type \"ext4\"))\n"
+"                       %base-file-systems))\n"
+"   (services (cons (service agetty-service-type\n"
+"                            (agetty-configuration\n"
+"                             (extra-options '(\"-L\")) ; no carrier detect\n"
+"                             (baud-rate \"115200\")\n"
+"                             (term \"vt100\")\n"
+"                             (tty \"ttyS0\")))\n"
+"                   %base-services))))\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1693
+msgid "The @code{kernel} and @code{bootloader} fields are pointing to packages dedicated to this board."
+msgstr "Les champs @code{kernel} et @code{bootloader} pointent vers les paquets dédiés à cette carte."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1695
+msgid "Right below, the @code{pine64-image-type} variable is also defined."
+msgstr "Ci-dessous, la variable @code{pine64-image-type} est ainsi définie."
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1701
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(define pine64-image-type\n"
+"  (image-type\n"
+"   (name 'pine64-raw)\n"
+"   (constructor (cut image-with-os arm64-disk-image <>))))\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(define pine64-image-type\n"
+"  (image-type\n"
+"   (name 'pine64-raw)\n"
+"   (constructor (cut image-with-os arm64-disk-image <>))))\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1705
+msgid "It's using a record we haven't talked about yet, the @code{image-type} record, defined this way:"
+msgstr "Elle utilise un enregistrement dont nous n'avons pas encore parlé, l'enregistrement @code{image-type}, défini de cette façon :"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1712
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(define-record-type* <image-type>\n"
+"  image-type make-image-type\n"
+"  image-type?\n"
+"  (name           image-type-name) ;symbol\n"
+"  (constructor    image-type-constructor)) ;<operating-system> -> <image>\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(define-record-type* <image-type>\n"
+"  image-type make-image-type\n"
+"  image-type?\n"
+"  (name           image-type-name) ;symbol\n"
+"  (constructor    image-type-constructor)) ;<operating-system> -> <image>\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1718
+msgid "The main purpose of this record is to associate a name to a procedure transforming an @code{operating-system} to an image.  To understand why it is necessary, let's have a look to the command producing an image from an @code{operating-system} configuration file:"
+msgstr "Le but principal de cet enregistrement est d'associer un nom à une procédure transformant un @code{operating-system} en une image. Pour comprendre pourquoi c'est nécessaire, voyons la commande produisant une image à partir d'un fichier de configuration de type @code{operating-system} :"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1721
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "guix system image my-os.scm\n"
+msgstr "guix system image my-os.scm\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1727
+msgid "This command expects an @code{operating-system} configuration but how should we indicate that we want an image targeting a Pine64 board? We need to provide an extra information, the @code{image-type}, by passing the @code{--image-type} or @code{-t} flag, this way:"
+msgstr "Cette commande demande une configuration de type @code{operating-system} mais comment indiquer que l'on veut cibler une carte Pine64 ? Nous devons fournir l'information supplémentaire, @code{image-type}, en passant le drapeau @code{--image-type} ou @code{-t}, de cette manière :"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1730
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "guix system image --image-type=pine64-raw my-os.scm\n"
+msgstr "guix system image --image-type=pine64-raw my-os.scm\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1736
+msgid "This @code{image-type} parameter points to the @code{pine64-image-type} defined above. Hence, the @code{operating-system} declared in @code{my-os.scm} will be applied the @code{(cut image-with-os arm64-disk-image <>)} procedure to turn it into an image."
+msgstr "Ce paramètre @code{image-type} pointe vers le @code{pine64-image-type} défini plus haut. Ainsi, la déclaration @code{operating-system} dans @code{my-os.scm} se verra appliquée la procédure @code{[cut image-with-os arm64-disk-image <>)} pour la transformer en une image."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1738
+msgid "The resulting image looks like:"
+msgstr "L'image qui en résulte ressemble à ceci :"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1748
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(image\n"
+" (format 'disk-image)\n"
+" (target \"aarch64-linux-gnu\")\n"
+" (operating-system my-os)\n"
+" (partitions\n"
+"  (list (partition\n"
+"         (inherit root-partition)\n"
+"         (offset root-offset)))))\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(image\n"
+" (format 'disk-image)\n"
+" (target \"aarch64-linux-gnu\")\n"
+" (operating-system my-os)\n"
+" (partitions\n"
+"  (list (partition\n"
+"         (inherit root-partition)\n"
+"         (offset root-offset)))))\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1752
+msgid "which is the aggregation of the @code{operating-system} defined in @code{my-os.scm} to the @code{arm64-disk-image} record."
+msgstr "qui ajoute l'objet @code{operating-system} défini dans @code{my-os.scm} à l'enregistrement @code{arm64-disk-image}."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1754
+msgid "But enough Scheme madness. What does this image API bring to the Guix user?"
+msgstr "Mais assez de cette folie. Qu'est-ce que cette API pour les images apporte aux utilisateurs et utilisatrices ?"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1756
+msgid "One can run:"
+msgstr "On peut lancer :"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1760
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"mathieu@@cervin:~$ guix system --list-image-types\n"
+"The available image types are:\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"mathieu@@cervin:~$ guix system --list-image-types\n"
+"Les types d'image disponibles sont :\n"
+"\n"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1772
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"   - pinebook-pro-raw\n"
+"   - pine64-raw\n"
+"   - novena-raw\n"
+"   - hurd-raw\n"
+"   - hurd-qcow2\n"
+"   - qcow2\n"
+"   - uncompressed-iso9660\n"
+"   - efi-raw\n"
+"   - arm64-raw\n"
+"   - arm32-raw\n"
+"   - iso9660\n"
+msgstr ""
+"   - pinebook-pro-raw\n"
+"   - pine64-raw\n"
+"   - novena-raw\n"
+"   - hurd-raw\n"
+"   - hurd-qcow2\n"
+"   - qcow2\n"
+"   - uncompressed-iso9660\n"
+"   - efi-raw\n"
+"   - arm64-raw\n"
+"   - arm32-raw\n"
+"   - iso9660\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1777
+msgid "and by writing an @code{operating-system} file based on @code{pine64-barebones-os}, you can customize your image to your preferences in a file (@file{my-pine-os.scm}) like this:"
+msgstr "et en écrivant un fichier de type @code{operating-system} basé sur @code{pine64-barebones-os}, vous pouvez personnaliser votre image selon vos préférences dasn un fichier (@file{my-pine-os.scm}) de cette manière :"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1781
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(use-modules (gnu services linux)\n"
+"             (gnu system images pine64))\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(use-modules (gnu services linux)\n"
+"             (gnu system images pine64))\n"
+"\n"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1792
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(let ((base-os pine64-barebones-os))\n"
+"  (operating-system\n"
+"    (inherit base-os)\n"
+"    (timezone \"America/Indiana/Indianapolis\")\n"
+"    (services\n"
+"     (cons\n"
+"      (service earlyoom-service-type\n"
+"               (earlyoom-configuration\n"
+"                (prefer-regexp \"icecat|chromium\")))\n"
+"      (operating-system-user-services base-os)))))\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(let ((base-os pine64-barebones-os))\n"
+"  (operating-system\n"
+"    (inherit base-os)\n"
+"    (timezone \"America/Indiana/Indianapolis\")\n"
+"    (services\n"
+"     (cons\n"
+"      (service earlyoom-service-type\n"
+"               (earlyoom-configuration\n"
+"                (prefer-regexp \"icecat|chromium\")))\n"
+"      (operating-system-user-services base-os)))))\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1795
+msgid "run:"
+msgstr "lancez :"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1798
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "guix system image --image-type=pine64-raw my-pine-os.scm\n"
+msgstr "guix system image --image-type=pine64-raw my-pine-os.scm\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1801
+msgid "or,"
+msgstr "ou bien,"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1804
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "guix system image --image-type=hurd-raw my-hurd-os.scm\n"
+msgstr "guix system image --image-type=hurd-raw my-hurd-os.scm\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1808
+msgid "to get an image that can be written directly to a hard drive and booted from."
+msgstr "pour récupérer une image que vous pouvez écrire sur un disque dur pour démarrer dessus."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1810
+msgid "Without changing anything to @code{my-hurd-os.scm}, calling:"
+msgstr "Sans rien changer à @code{my-hurd-os.scm}, en appelant :"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1813
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "guix system image --image-type=hurd-qcow2 my-hurd-os.scm\n"
+msgstr "guix system image --image-type=hurd-qcow2 my-hurd-os.scm\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1816
+msgid "will instead produce a Hurd QEMU image."
+msgstr "vous aurez une image QEMU pour le Hurd à la place."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1823
+msgid "To connect to a Wireguard VPN server you need the kernel module to be loaded in memory and a package providing networking tools that support it (e.g.  @code{wireguard-tools} or @code{network-manager})."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1827
+msgid "Here is a configuration example for Linux-Libre < 5.6, where the module is out of tree and need to be loaded manually---following revisions of the kernel have it built-in and so don't need such configuration:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1832
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(use-modules (gnu))\n"
+"(use-service-modules desktop)\n"
+"(use-package-modules vpn)\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1841
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(operating-system\n"
+"  ;; …\n"
+"  (services (cons (simple-service 'wireguard-module\n"
+"                                  kernel-module-loader-service-type\n"
+"                                  '(\"wireguard\"))\n"
+"                  %desktop-services))\n"
+"  (packages (cons wireguard-tools %base-packages))\n"
+"  (kernel-loadable-modules (list wireguard-linux-compat)))\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1845
+msgid "After reconfiguring and restarting your system you can either use Wireguard tools or NetworkManager to connect to a VPN server."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: subsection
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1846
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Using Wireguard tools"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1852
+msgid "To test your Wireguard setup it is convenient to use @command{wg-quick}.  Just give it a configuration file @command{wg-quick up ./wg0.conf}; or put that file in @file{/etc/wireguard} and run @command{wg-quick up wg0} instead."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: quotation
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1853
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Note"
+msgstr "Remarque"
+
+#. type: quotation
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1856
+msgid "Be warned that the author described this command as a: “[…] very quick and dirty bash script […]”."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: subsection
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1858
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Using NetworkManager"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1866
+msgid "Thanks to NetworkManager support for Wireguard we can connect to our VPN using @command{nmcli} command.  Up to this point this guide assumes that you're using Network Manager service provided by @code{%desktop-services}.  Ortherwise you need to adjust your services list to load @code{network-manager-service-type} and reconfigure your Guix system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1868
+msgid "To import your VPN configuration execute nmcli import command:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1872
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"# nmcli connection import type wireguard file wg0.conf\n"
+"Connection 'wg0' (edbee261-aa5a-42db-b032-6c7757c60fde) successfully added\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1877
+msgid "This will create a configuration file in @file{/etc/NetworkManager/wg0.nmconnection}.  Next connect to the Wireguard server:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1881
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"$ nmcli connection up wg0\n"
+"Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/6)\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1885
+msgid "By default NetworkManager will connect automatically on system boot.  To change that behaviour you need to edit your config:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1888
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "# nmcli connection modify wg0 connection.autoconnect no\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1893
+msgid "For more specific information about NetworkManager and wireguard @uref{https://blogs.gnome.org/thaller/2019/03/15/wireguard-in-networkmanager/,see this post by thaller}."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: cindex
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1896
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "wm"
+msgstr "wm"
+
+#. type: subsection
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1898 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1899
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "StumpWM"
+msgstr "StumpWM"
+
+#. type: cindex
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1900
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "stumpwm"
+msgstr "stumpwm"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1905
+msgid "You could install StumpWM with a Guix system by adding @code{stumpwm} and optionally @code{`(,stumpwm \"lib\")} packages to a system configuration file, e.g.@: @file{/etc/config.scm}."
+msgstr "Vous pouvez installer StumpWM sur un système Guix en ajoutant @code{stumwm} et éventuellement @code{`(,stumpwm \"lib\")} dans les paquets du fichier de système d'exploitation, p.@: ex.@: @file{/etc/config.scm}."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1907
+msgid "An example configuration can look like this:"
+msgstr "Voici un exemple de configuration :"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1911
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(use-modules (gnu))\n"
+"(use-package-modules wm)\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(use-modules (gnu))\n"
+"(use-package-modules wm)\n"
+"\n"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1916
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(operating-system\n"
+"  ;; …\n"
+"  (packages (append (list sbcl stumpwm `(,stumpwm \"lib\"))\n"
+"                    %base-packages)))\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(operating-system\n"
+"  ;; …\n"
+"  (packages (append (list sbcl stumpwm `(,stumpwm \"lib\"))\n"
+"                    %base-packages)))\n"
+
+#. type: cindex
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1918
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "stumpwm fonts"
+msgstr "polices stumpwm"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1922
+msgid "By default StumpWM uses X11 fonts, which could be small or pixelated on your system.  You could fix this by installing StumpWM contrib Lisp module @code{sbcl-ttf-fonts}, adding it to Guix system packages:"
+msgstr "Par défaut StumpWM utilise les polices X11, qui peuvent être petites ou pixelisées sur votre système. Vous pouvez corriger cela en installant le module Lisp pour StumpWM @code{sbcl-ttf-fonts}, en l'ajoutant aux paquets de votre système :"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1926
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(use-modules (gnu))\n"
+"(use-package-modules fonts wm)\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(use-modules (gnu))\n"
+"(use-package-modules fonts wm)\n"
+"\n"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1931
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(operating-system\n"
+"  ;; …\n"
+"  (packages (append (list sbcl stumpwm `(,stumpwm \"lib\"))\n"
+"                    sbcl-ttf-fonts font-dejavu %base-packages)))\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(operating-system\n"
+"  ;; …\n"
+"  (packages (append (list sbcl stumpwm `(,stumpwm \"lib\"))\n"
+"                    sbcl-ttf-fonts font-dejavu %base-packages)))\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1935
+msgid "Then you need to add the following code to a StumpWM configuration file @file{~/.stumpwm.d/init.lisp}:"
+msgstr "Ensuite vous devrez ajouter le code suivant à au fichier de configuration de StumpWM @file{~/.stumpwm.d/init.lisp} :"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1942
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(require :ttf-fonts)\n"
+"(setf xft:*font-dirs* '(\"/run/current-system/profile/share/fonts/\"))\n"
+"(setf clx-truetype:+font-cache-filename+ (concat (getenv \"HOME\") \"/.fonts/font-cache.sexp\"))\n"
+"(xft:cache-fonts)\n"
+"(set-font (make-instance 'xft:font :family \"DejaVu Sans Mono\" :subfamily \"Book\" :size 11))\n"
+msgstr ""
+"(require :ttf-fonts)\n"
+"(setf xft:*font-dirs* '(\"/run/current-system/profile/share/fonts/\"))\n"
+"(setf clx-truetype:+font-cache-filename+ (concat (getenv \"HOME\") \"/.fonts/font-cache.sexp\"))\n"
+"(xft:cache-fonts)\n"
+"(set-font (make-instance 'xft:font :family \"DejaVu Sans Mono\" :subfamily \"Book\" :size 11))\n"
+
+#. type: subsection
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1944 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1945
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Session lock"
+msgstr "Verrouillage de session"
+
+#. type: cindex
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1946
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "sessionlock"
+msgstr "verrouillage de session"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1952
+msgid "Depending on your environment, locking the screen of your session might come built in or it might be something you have to set up yourself. If you use a desktop environment like GNOME or KDE, it's usually built in. If you use a plain window manager like StumpWM or EXWM, you might have to set it up yourself."
+msgstr "En fonction de votre environnement, le verrouillage de l'écran peut être inclus, ou vous devrez le configurer vous-même. La fonctionnalité est souvent intégrée aux environnements de bureau comme GNOME ou KDE. Si vous utilisez un gestionnaire de fenêtre comme StumpWM ou EXWM, vous devrez sans doute le configurer vous-même."
+
+#. type: subsubsection
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1953 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1954
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Xorg"
+msgstr "Xorg"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1960
+msgid "If you use Xorg, you can use the utility @uref{https://www.mankier.com/1/xss-lock, xss-lock} to lock the screen of your session.  xss-lock is triggered by DPMS which since Xorg 1.8 is auto-detected and enabled if ACPI is also enabled at kernel runtime."
+msgstr "Si vous utilisez Xorg, vous pouvez utiliser l'utilitaire @uref{https://www.mankier.com/1/xss-lock, xss-lock} pour verrouiller votre session. xss-lock est lancé par DPMS qui est détecté et activé automatiquement par Xorg 1.8 si ACPI est aussi activé à l'exécution dans le noyau."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1963
+msgid "To use xss-lock, you can simple execute it and put it into the background before you start your window manager from e.g. your @file{~/.xsession}:"
+msgstr "Pour utiliser xss-lock, vous pouvez simplement l'exécuter et le laisser tourner en tache de fond avant de démarrer votre gestionnaire de fenêtre, par exemple dans votre @file{~/.xsession} :"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1967
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"xss-lock -- slock &\n"
+"exec stumpwm\n"
+msgstr ""
+"xss-lock -- slock &\n"
+"exec stumpwm\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1971
+msgid "In this example, xss-lock uses @code{slock} to do the actual locking of the screen when it determines it's appropriate, like when you suspend your device."
+msgstr "Dans cet exemple, xss-lock utilise @code{slock} pour effectivement verrouiller l'écran quand il pense que c'est nécessaire, comme lorsque vous mettez votre machine en veille."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1975
+msgid "For slock to be allowed to be a screen locker for the graphical session, it needs to be made setuid-root so it can authenticate users, and it needs a PAM service. This can be achieved by adding the following service to your @file{config.scm}:"
+msgstr "Pour que slock puisse verrouiller l'écran de la session graphique, il doit être en setuid-root pour qu'il puisse authentifier les utilisateurs, et il a besoin d'un service PAM. On peut y arriver en ajoutant le service suivant dans notre @file{config.scm} :"
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1978
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "(screen-locker-service slock)\n"
+msgstr "(screen-locker-service slock)\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1984
+msgid "If you manually lock your screen, e.g. by directly calling slock when you want to lock your screen but not suspend it, it's a good idea to notify xss-lock about this so no confusion occurs. This can be done by executing @code{xset s activate} immediately before you execute slock."
+msgstr "Si vous verrouillez l'écran manuellement, p.@: ex.@: en appelant slock directement si vous voulez verrouiller l'écran sans mettre l'ordinateur en veille, il vaut mieux notifier xss-lock pour éviter la confusion. Vous pouvez faire cela en exécutant @code{xset s activate} juste avant d'exécuter slock."
+
+#. type: cindex
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1987
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "linode, Linode"
+msgstr "linode, Linode"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1992
+msgid "To run Guix on a server hosted by @uref{https://www.linode.com, Linode}, start with a recommended Debian server.  We recommend using the default distro as a way to bootstrap Guix. Create your SSH keys."
+msgstr "Pour lancer Guix sur un serveur hébergé par @uref{https://www.linode.com, Linode}, commencez par un serveur Debian recommandé. Nous vous recommandons d'utiliser la distribution par défaut pour amorcer Guix. Créez vos clés SSH."
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1995
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "ssh-keygen\n"
+msgstr "ssh-keygen\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2001
+msgid "Be sure to add your SSH key for easy login to the remote server.  This is trivially done via Linode's graphical interface for adding SSH keys.  Go to your profile and click add SSH Key.  Copy into it the output of:"
+msgstr "Assurez-vous d'ajouter votre clé SSH pour vous connecter facilement sur le serveur distant. C'est facilité par l'interface graphique de Linode. Allez sur votre profil et cliquez sur le bouton pour ajouter une clé SSH. Copiez la sortie de :"
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2004
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "cat ~/.ssh/<username>_rsa.pub\n"
+msgstr "cat ~/.ssh/<username>_rsa.pub\n"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2008
+msgid "Power the Linode down. In the Linode's Disks/Configurations tab, resize the Debian disk to be smaller. 30 GB is recommended."
+msgstr "Éteignez le serveur Linode. Dans l'onglet Disks/Configurations de Linode, redimensionnez le disque Debian pour être plus petit. Nous vous recommandons de choisir 30 Go."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2010
+msgid "In the Linode settings, \"Add a disk\", with the following:"
+msgstr "Dans les paramètres de Linode, « Add a disk » avec ce qui suit :"
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2013
+msgid "Label: \"Guix\""
+msgstr "Label: \"Guix\""
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2016
+msgid "Filesystem: ext4"
+msgstr "Filesystem: ext4"
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2019
+msgid "Set it to the remaining size"
+msgstr "Donnez-lui la taille restante"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2024
+msgid "On the \"configuration\" field that comes with the default image, press \"...\" and select \"Edit\", then on that menu add to @file{/dev/sdc} the \"Guix\" label."
+msgstr "Dans le champ « configuration » de l'image par défaut, cliquez sur « … » et choisissez « Edit », puis sur le menu ajoutez l'étiquette « Guix » à @file{/dev/sdc}."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2026
+msgid "Now \"Add a Configuration\", with the following:"
+msgstr "Maintenant « Add a Configuration », avec ce qui suit :"
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2029
+msgid "Label: Guix"
+msgstr "Label: Guix"
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2032
+msgid "Kernel:GRUB 2 (it's at the bottom! This step is @b{IMPORTANT!})"
+msgstr "Kernel: GRUB 2 (c'est à la toute fin ! Cette étape est @b{IMPORTANTE !})"
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2035
+msgid "Block device assignment:"
+msgstr "Périphériques blocs assignés :"
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2038
+msgid "@file{/dev/sda}: Guix"
+msgstr "@file{/dev/sda} : Guix"
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2041
+msgid "@file{/dev/sdb}: swap"
+msgstr "@file{/dev/sdb} : swap"
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2044
+msgid "Root device: @file{/dev/sda}"
+msgstr "Périphérique racine : @file{/dev/sda}"
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2047
+msgid "Turn off all the filesystem/boot helpers"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2054
+msgid "Now power it back up, picking the Debian configuration.  Once it's booted up, ssh in your server via @code{ssh root@@@var{<your-server-IP-here>}}. (You can find your server IP address in your Linode Summary section.) Now you can run the \"install guix from @pxref{Binary Installation,,, guix, GNU Guix}\" steps:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2062
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"sudo apt-get install gpg\n"
+"wget https://sv.gnu.org/people/viewgpg.php?user_id=15145 -qO - | gpg --import -\n"
+"wget https://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/guix.git/plain/etc/guix-install.sh\n"
+"chmod +x guix-install.sh\n"
+"./guix-install.sh\n"
+"guix pull\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2066
+msgid "Now it's time to write out a config for the server.  The key information is below. Save the resulting file as @file{guix-config.scm}."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2077
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(use-modules (gnu)\n"
+"             (guix modules))\n"
+"(use-service-modules networking\n"
+"                     ssh)\n"
+"(use-package-modules admin\n"
+"                     certs\n"
+"                     package-management\n"
+"                     ssh\n"
+"                     tls)\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2094
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(operating-system\n"
+"  (host-name \"my-server\")\n"
+"  (timezone \"America/New_York\")\n"
+"  (locale \"en_US.UTF-8\")\n"
+"  ;; This goofy code will generate the grub.cfg\n"
+"  ;; without installing the grub bootloader on disk.\n"
+"  (bootloader (bootloader-configuration\n"
+"               (bootloader\n"
+"                (bootloader\n"
+"                 (inherit grub-bootloader)\n"
+"                 (installer #~(const #true))))))\n"
+"  (file-systems (cons (file-system\n"
+"                        (device \"/dev/sda\")\n"
+"                        (mount-point \"/\")\n"
+"                        (type \"ext4\"))\n"
+"                      %base-file-systems))\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2097
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"  (swap-devices (list \"/dev/sdb\"))\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2101
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"  (initrd-modules (cons \"virtio_scsi\"    ; Needed to find the disk\n"
+"                        %base-initrd-modules))\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2110
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"  (users (cons (user-account\n"
+"                (name \"janedoe\")\n"
+"                (group \"users\")\n"
+"                ;; Adding the account to the \"wheel\" group\n"
+"                ;; makes it a sudoer.\n"
+"                (supplementary-groups '(\"wheel\"))\n"
+"                (home-directory \"/home/janedoe\"))\n"
+"               %base-user-accounts))\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2114
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"  (packages (cons* nss-certs            ;for HTTPS access\n"
+"                   openssh-sans-x\n"
+"                   %base-packages))\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2125
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"  (services (cons*\n"
+"             (service dhcp-client-service-type)\n"
+"             (service openssh-service-type\n"
+"                      (openssh-configuration\n"
+"                       (openssh openssh-sans-x)\n"
+"                       (password-authentication? #false)\n"
+"                       (authorized-keys\n"
+"                        `((\"janedoe\" ,(local-file \"janedoe_rsa.pub\"))\n"
+"                          (\"root\" ,(local-file \"janedoe_rsa.pub\"))))))\n"
+"             %base-services)))\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2128
+msgid "Replace the following fields in the above configuration:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2136
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(host-name \"my-server\")       ; replace with your server name\n"
+"; if you chose a linode server outside the U.S., then\n"
+"; use tzselect to find a correct timezone string\n"
+"(timezone \"America/New_York\") ; if needed replace timezone\n"
+"(name \"janedoe\")              ; replace with your username\n"
+"(\"janedoe\" ,(local-file \"janedoe_rsa.pub\")) ; replace with your ssh key\n"
+"(\"root\" ,(local-file \"janedoe_rsa.pub\")) ; replace with your ssh key\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2142
+msgid "The last line in the above example lets you log into the server as root and set the initial root password.  After you have done this, you may delete that line from your configuration and reconfigure to prevent root login."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2147
+msgid "Save your ssh public key (eg: @file{~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub}) as @file{@var{<your-username-here>}_rsa.pub} and your @file{guix-config.scm} in the same directory.  In a new terminal run these commands."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2152
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"sftp root@@<remote server ip address>\n"
+"put /home/<username>/ssh/id_rsa.pub .\n"
+"put /path/to/linode/guix-config.scm .\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2155
+msgid "In your first terminal, mount the guix drive:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2159
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"mkdir /mnt/guix\n"
+"mount /dev/sdc /mnt/guix\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2164
+msgid "Due to the way we set things up above, we do not install GRUB completely.  Instead we install only our grub configuration file.  So we need to copy over some of the other GRUB stuff that is already there:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2168
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"mkdir -p /mnt/guix/boot/grub\n"
+"cp -r /boot/grub/* /mnt/guix/boot/grub/\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2171
+msgid "Now initialize the Guix installation:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2174
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "guix system init guix-config.scm /mnt/guix\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2178
+msgid "Ok, power it down! Now from the Linode console, select boot and select \"Guix\"."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2181
+msgid "Once it boots, you should be able to log in via SSH! (The server config will have changed though.)  You may encounter an error like:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2197
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"$ ssh root@@<server ip address>\n"
+"@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@\n"
+"@    WARNING: REMOTE HOST IDENTIFICATION HAS CHANGED!     @\n"
+"@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@\n"
+"IT IS POSSIBLE THAT SOMEONE IS DOING SOMETHING NASTY!\n"
+"Someone could be eavesdropping on you right now (man-in-the-middle attack)!\n"
+"It is also possible that a host key has just been changed.\n"
+"The fingerprint for the ECDSA key sent by the remote host is\n"
+"SHA256:0B+wp33w57AnKQuHCvQP0+ZdKaqYrI/kyU7CfVbS7R4.\n"
+"Please contact your system administrator.\n"
+"Add correct host key in /home/joshua/.ssh/known_hosts to get rid of this message.\n"
+"Offending ECDSA key in /home/joshua/.ssh/known_hosts:3\n"
+"ECDSA host key for 198.58.98.76 has changed and you have requested strict checking.\n"
+"Host key verification failed.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2201
+msgid "Either delete @file{~/.ssh/known_hosts} file, or delete the offending line starting with your server IP address."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2203
+msgid "Be sure to set your password and root's password."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2208
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"ssh root@@<remote ip address>\n"
+"passwd  ; for the root password\n"
+"passwd <username> ; for the user password\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2215
+msgid "You may not be able to run the above commands at this point.  If you have issues remotely logging into your linode box via SSH, then you may still need to set your root and user password initially by clicking on the ``Launch Console'' option in your linode.  Choose the ``Glish'' instead of ``Weblish''.  Now you should be able to ssh into the machine."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2219
+msgid "Horray! At this point you can shut down the server, delete the Debian disk, and resize the Guix to the rest of the size.  Congratulations!"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2224
+msgid "By the way, if you save it as a disk image right at this point, you'll have an easy time spinning up new Guix images! You may need to down-size the Guix image to 6144MB, to save it as an image.  Then you can resize it again to the max size."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2233
+msgid "To bind mount a file system, one must first set up some definitions before the @code{operating-system} section of the system definition.  In this example we will bind mount a folder from a spinning disk drive to @file{/tmp}, to save wear and tear on the primary SSD, without dedicating an entire partition to be mounted as @file{/tmp}."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2236
+msgid "First, the source drive that hosts the folder we wish to bind mount should be defined, so that the bind mount can depend on it."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2243
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(define source-drive ;; \"source-drive\" can be named anything you want.\n"
+"   (file-system\n"
+"    (device (uuid \"UUID goes here\"))\n"
+"    (mount-point \"/path-to-spinning-disk-goes-here\")\n"
+"    (type \"ext4\"))) ;; Make sure to set this to the appropriate type for your drive.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2247
+msgid "The source folder must also be defined, so that guix will know it's not a regular block device, but a folder."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2249
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "(define (%source-directory) \"/path-to-spinning-disk-goes-here/tmp\") ;; \"source-directory\" can be named any valid variable name.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2253
+msgid "Finally, inside the @code{file-systems} definition, we must add the mount itself."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2256
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(file-systems (cons*\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2258
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"                ...<other drives omitted for clarity>...\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2260
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"                source-drive ;; Must match the name you gave the source drive in the earlier definition.\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2268
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"                (file-system\n"
+"                 (device (%source-directory)) ;; Make sure \"source-directory\" matches your earlier definition.\n"
+"                 (mount-point \"/tmp\")\n"
+"                 (type \"none\") ;; We are mounting a folder, not a partition, so this type needs to be \"none\"\n"
+"                 (flags '(bind-mount))\n"
+"                 (dependencies (list source-drive)) ;; Ensure \"source-drive\" matches what you've named the variable for the drive.\n"
+"                 )\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2270
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"                 ...<other drives omitted for clarity>...\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2272
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "                ))\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2279
+msgid "Guix daemon can use a HTTP proxy to get substitutes, here we are configuring it to get them via Tor."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: quotation
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2280
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Warning"
+msgstr "Attention"
+
+#. type: quotation
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2286
+msgid "@emph{Not all} Guix daemon's traffic will go through Tor! Only HTTP/HTTPS will get proxied; FTP, Git protocol, SSH, etc connections will still go through the clearnet.  Again, this configuration isn't foolproof some of your traffic won't get routed by Tor at all.  Use it at your own risk."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: quotation
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2292
+msgid "Also note that the procedure described here applies only to package substitution. When you update your guix distribution with @command{guix pull}, you still need to use @command{torsocks} if you want to route the connection to guix's git repository servers through Tor."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2297
+msgid "Guix's substitute server is available as a Onion service, if you want to use it to get your substitutes through Tor configure your system as follow:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2301
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(use-modules (gnu))\n"
+"(use-service-module base networking)\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2317
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(operating-system\n"
+"  …\n"
+"  (services\n"
+"    (cons\n"
+"      (service tor-service-type\n"
+"              (tor-configuration\n"
+"                (config-file (plain-file \"tor-config\"\n"
+"                                         \"HTTPTunnelPort 127.0.0.1:9250\"))))\n"
+"      (modify-services %base-services\n"
+"        (guix-service-type\n"
+"          config => (guix-configuration\n"
+"                      (inherit config)\n"
+"                      ;; ci.guix.gnu.org's Onion service\n"
+"                      (substitute-urls \"https://bp7o7ckwlewr4slm.onion\")\n"
+"                      (http-proxy \"http://localhost:9250\")))))))\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2326
+msgid "This will keep a tor process running that provides a HTTP CONNECT tunnel which will be used by @command{guix-daemon}.  The daemon can use other protocols than HTTP(S) to get remote resources, request using those protocols won't go through Tor since we are only setting a HTTP tunnel here.  Note that @code{substitutes-urls} is using HTTPS and not HTTP or it won't work, that's a limitation of Tor's tunnel; you may want to use @command{privoxy} instead to avoid such limitations."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2330
+msgid "If you don't want to always get substitutes through Tor but using it just some of the times, then skip the @code{guix-configuration}.  When you want to get a substitute from the Tor tunnel run:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2334
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"sudo herd set-http-proxy guix-daemon http://localhost:9250\n"
+"guix build --substitute-urls=https://bp7o7ckwlewr4slm.onion …\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: cindex
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2338
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "nginx, lua, openresty, resty"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2341
+msgid "NGINX could be extended with Lua scripts."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2344
+msgid "Guix provides NGINX service with ability to load Lua module and specific Lua packages, and reply to requests by evaluating Lua scripts."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2348
+msgid "The following example demonstrates system definition with configuration to evaluate @file{index.lua} Lua script on HTTP request to @uref{http://localhost/hello} endpoint:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2351
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"local shell = require \"resty.shell\"\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2355
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"local stdin = \"\"\n"
+"local timeout = 1000  -- ms\n"
+"local max_size = 4096  -- byte\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2358
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"local ok, stdout, stderr, reason, status =\n"
+"   shell.run([[/run/current-system/profile/bin/ls /tmp]], stdin, timeout, max_size)\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2360
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "ngx.say(stdout)\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2391
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(use-modules (gnu))\n"
+"(use-service-modules #;… web)\n"
+"(use-package-modules #;… lua)\n"
+"(operating-system\n"
+"  ;; …\n"
+"  (services\n"
+"   ;; …\n"
+"   (service nginx-service-type\n"
+"            (nginx-configuration\n"
+"             (modules\n"
+"              (list\n"
+"               (file-append nginx-lua-module \"/etc/nginx/modules/ngx_http_lua_module.so\")))\n"
+"             (lua-package-path (list lua-resty-core\n"
+"                                     lua-resty-lrucache\n"
+"                                     lua-resty-signal\n"
+"                                     lua-tablepool\n"
+"                                     lua-resty-shell))\n"
+"             (lua-package-cpath (list lua-resty-signal))\n"
+"             (server-blocks\n"
+"              (list (nginx-server-configuration\n"
+"                     (server-name '(\"localhost\"))\n"
+"                     (listen '(\"80\"))\n"
+"                     (root \"/etc\")\n"
+"                     (locations (list\n"
+"                                 (nginx-location-configuration\n"
+"                                  (uri \"/hello\")\n"
+"                                  (body (list #~(format #f \"content_by_lua_file ~s;\"\n"
+"                                                        #$(local-file \"index.lua\"))))))))))))))\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2402
+msgid "Guix is a functional package manager that offers many features beyond what more traditional package managers can do.  To the uninitiated, those features might not have obvious use cases at first.  The purpose of this chapter is to demonstrate some advanced package management concepts."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2405
+msgid "@pxref{Package Management,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual} for a complete reference."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: section
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2408 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2410
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2411
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Guix Profiles in Practice"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: menuentry
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2408
+msgid "Strategies for multiple profiles and manifests."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2416
+msgid "Guix provides a very useful feature that may be quite foreign to newcomers: @emph{profiles}.  They are a way to group package installations together and all users on the same system are free to use as many profiles as they want."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2421
+msgid "Whether you're a developer or not, you may find that multiple profiles bring you great power and flexibility.  While they shift the paradigm somewhat compared to @emph{traditional package managers}, they are very convenient to use once you've understood how to set them up."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2427
+msgid "If you are familiar with Python's @samp{virtualenv}, you can think of a profile as a kind of universal @samp{virtualenv} that can hold any kind of software whatsoever, not just Python software.  Furthermore, profiles are self-sufficient: they capture all the runtime dependencies which guarantees that all programs within a profile will always work at any point in time."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2429
+msgid "Multiple profiles have many benefits:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2433
+msgid "Clean semantic separation of the various packages a user needs for different contexts."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2437
+msgid "Multiple profiles can be made available into the environment either on login or within a dedicated shell."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2441
+msgid "Profiles can be loaded on demand.  For instance, the user can use multiple shells, each of them running different profiles."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2446
+msgid "Isolation: Programs from one profile will not use programs from the other, and the user can even install different versions of the same programs to the two profiles without conflict."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2450
+msgid "Deduplication: Profiles share dependencies that happens to be the exact same.  This makes multiple profiles storage-efficient."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2458
+msgid "Reproducible: when used with declarative manifests, a profile can be fully specified by the Guix commit that was active when it was set up.  This means that the exact same profile can be @uref{https://guix.gnu.org/blog/2018/multi-dimensional-transactions-and-rollbacks-oh-my/, set up anywhere and anytime}, with just the commit information.  See the section on @ref{Reproducible profiles}."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2462
+msgid "Easier upgrades and maintenance: Multiple profiles make it easy to keep package listings at hand and make upgrades completely frictionless."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2465
+msgid "Concretely, here follows some typical profiles:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2469
+msgid "The dependencies of a project you are working on."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2472
+msgid "Your favourite programming language libraries."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2475
+msgid "Laptop-specific programs (like @samp{powertop}) that you don't need on a desktop."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2479
+msgid "@TeX{}live (this one can be really useful when you need to install just one package for this one document you've just received over email)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2482
+msgid "Games."
+msgstr "Jeux."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2485
+msgid "Let's dive in the set up!"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: subsection
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2486 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2487
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Basic setup with manifests"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2491
+msgid "A Guix profile can be set up @emph{via} a so-called @emph{manifest specification} that looks like this:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: lisp
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2501
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"(specifications->manifest\n"
+"  '(\"package-1\"\n"
+"    ;; Version 1.3 of package-2.\n"
+"    \"package-2@@1.3\"\n"
+"    ;; The \"lib\" output of package-3.\n"
+"    \"package-3:lib\"\n"
+"    ; ...\n"
+"    \"package-N\"))\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2505
+msgid "@pxref{Invoking guix package,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}, for the syntax details."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2507
+msgid "We can create a manifest specification per profile and install them this way:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2512
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES=$HOME/.guix-extra-profiles\n"
+"mkdir -p \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project # if it does not exist yet\n"
+"guix package --manifest=/path/to/guix-my-project-manifest.scm --profile=\"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project/my-project\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2516
+msgid "Here we set an arbitrary variable @samp{GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES} to point to the directory where we will store our profiles in the rest of this article."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2522
+msgid "Placing all your profiles in a single directory, with each profile getting its own sub-directory, is somewhat cleaner.  This way, each sub-directory will contain all the symlinks for precisely one profile.  Besides, ``looping over profiles'' becomes obvious from any programming language (e.g.@: a shell script) by simply looping over the sub-directories of @samp{$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES}."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2524
+msgid "Note that it's also possible to loop over the output of"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2527
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "guix package --list-profiles\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2530
+msgid "although you'll probably have to filter out @file{~/.config/guix/current}."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2532
+msgid "To enable all profiles on login, add this to your @file{~/.bash_profile} (or similar):"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2542
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"for i in $GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES/*; do\n"
+"  profile=$i/$(basename \"$i\")\n"
+"  if [ -f \"$profile\"/etc/profile ]; then\n"
+"    GUIX_PROFILE=\"$profile\"\n"
+"    . \"$GUIX_PROFILE\"/etc/profile\n"
+"  fi\n"
+"  unset profile\n"
+"done\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2547
+msgid "Note to Guix System users: the above reflects how your default profile @file{~/.guix-profile} is activated from @file{/etc/profile}, that latter being loaded by @file{~/.bashrc} by default."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2549
+msgid "You can obviously choose to only enable a subset of them:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2559
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"for i in \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project-1 \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project-2; do\n"
+"  profile=$i/$(basename \"$i\")\n"
+"  if [ -f \"$profile\"/etc/profile ]; then\n"
+"    GUIX_PROFILE=\"$profile\"\n"
+"    . \"$GUIX_PROFILE\"/etc/profile\n"
+"  fi\n"
+"  unset profile\n"
+"done\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2563
+msgid "When a profile is off, it's straightforward to enable it for an individual shell without \"polluting\" the rest of the user session:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2566
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "GUIX_PROFILE=\"path/to/my-project\" ; . \"$GUIX_PROFILE\"/etc/profile\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2573
+msgid "The key to enabling a profile is to @emph{source} its @samp{etc/profile} file.  This file contains shell code that exports the right environment variables necessary to activate the software contained in the profile.  It is built automatically by Guix and meant to be sourced.  It contains the same variables you would get if you ran:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2576
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "guix package --search-paths=prefix --profile=$my_profile\"\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2580
+msgid "Once again, see (@pxref{Invoking guix package,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual})  for the command line options."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2582
+msgid "To upgrade a profile, simply install the manifest again:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2585
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "guix package -m /path/to/guix-my-project-manifest.scm -p \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project/my-project\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2591
+msgid "To upgrade all profiles, it's easy enough to loop over them.  For instance, assuming your manifest specifications are stored in @file{~/.guix-manifests/guix-$profile-manifest.scm}, with @samp{$profile} being the name of the profile (e.g.@: \"project1\"), you could do the following in Bourne shell:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2596
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"for profile in \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/*; do\n"
+"  guix package --profile=\"$profile\" --manifest=\"$HOME/.guix-manifests/guix-$profile-manifest.scm\"\n"
+"done\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2599
+msgid "Each profile has its own generations:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2602
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "guix package -p \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project/my-project --list-generations\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2605
+msgid "You can roll-back to any generation of a given profile:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2608
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "guix package -p \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project/my-project --switch-generations=17\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2612
+msgid "Finally, if you want to switch to a profile without inheriting from the current environment, you can activate it from an empty shell:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2616
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"env -i $(which bash) --login --noprofile --norc\n"
+". my-project/etc/profile\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: subsection
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2618 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2619
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Required packages"
+msgstr "Paquets requis"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2624
+msgid "Activating a profile essentially boils down to exporting a bunch of environmental variables.  This is the role of the @samp{etc/profile} within the profile."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: emph{#1}
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2627
+msgid "Note: Only the environmental variables of the packages that consume them will be set."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2631
+msgid "For instance, @samp{MANPATH} won't be set if there is no consumer application for man pages within the profile.  So if you need to transparently access man pages once the profile is loaded, you've got two options:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2635
+msgid "Either export the variable manually, e.g."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2637
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "export MANPATH=/path/to/profile$@{MANPATH:+:@}$MANPATH\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2641
+msgid "Or include @samp{man-db} to the profile manifest."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2645
+msgid "The same is true for @samp{INFOPATH} (you can install @samp{info-reader}), @samp{PKG_CONFIG_PATH} (install @samp{pkg-config}), etc."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: subsection
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2646 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2647
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Default profile"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2650
+msgid "What about the default profile that Guix keeps in @file{~/.guix-profile}?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2653
+msgid "You can assign it the role you want.  Typically you would install the manifest of the packages you want to use all the time."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2657
+msgid "Alternatively, you could keep it ``manifest-less'' for throw-away packages that you would just use for a couple of days.  This way makes it convenient to run"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2661
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"guix install package-foo\n"
+"guix upgrade package-bar\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2664
+msgid "without having to specify the path to a profile."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: subsection
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2665 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2666
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "The benefits of manifests"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2670
+msgid "Manifests are a convenient way to keep your package lists around and, say, to synchronize them across multiple machines using a version control system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2674
+msgid "A common complaint about manifests is that they can be slow to install when they contain large number of packages.  This is especially cumbersome when you just want get an upgrade for one package within a big manifest."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2679
+msgid "This is one more reason to use multiple profiles, which happen to be just perfect to break down manifests into multiple sets of semantically connected packages.  Using multiple, small profiles provides more flexibility and usability."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2681
+msgid "Manifests come with multiple benefits.  In particular, they ease maintenance:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2689
+msgid "When a profile is set up from a manifest, the manifest itself is self-sufficient to keep a ``package listing'' around and reinstall the profile later or on a different system.  For ad-hoc profiles, we would need to generate a manifest specification manually and maintain the package versions for the packages that don't use the default version."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2694
+msgid "@code{guix package --upgrade} always tries to update the packages that have propagated inputs, even if there is nothing to do.  Guix manifests remove this problem."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2700
+msgid "When partially upgrading a profile, conflicts may arise (due to diverging dependencies between the updated and the non-updated packages) and they can be annoying to resolve manually.  Manifests remove this problem altogether since all packages are always upgraded at once."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2706
+msgid "As mentioned above, manifests allow for reproducible profiles, while the imperative @code{guix install}, @code{guix upgrade}, etc. do not, since they produce different profiles every time even when they hold the same packages.  See @uref{https://issues.guix.gnu.org/issue/33285, the related discussion on the matter}."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2714
+msgid "Manifest specifications are usable by other @samp{guix} commands.  For example, you can run @code{guix weather -m manifest.scm} to see how many substitutes are available, which can help you decide whether you want to try upgrading today or wait a while.  Another example: you can run @code{guix pack -m manifest.scm} to create a pack containing all the packages in the manifest (and their transitive references)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2718
+msgid "Finally, manifests have a Scheme representation, the @samp{<manifest>} record type.  They can be manipulated in Scheme and passed to the various Guix @uref{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Api, APIs}."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2726
+msgid "It's important to understand that while manifests can be used to declare profiles, they are not strictly equivalent: profiles have the side effect that they ``pin'' packages in the store, which prevents them from being garbage-collected (@pxref{Invoking guix gc,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual})  and ensures that they will still be available at any point in the future."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2728
+msgid "Let's take an example:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: enumerate
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2734
+msgid "We have an environment for hacking on a project for which there isn't a Guix package yet.  We build the environment using a manifest, and then run @code{guix environment -m manifest.scm}.  So far so good."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: enumerate
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2740
+msgid "Many weeks pass and we have run a couple of @code{guix pull} in the mean time.  Maybe a dependency from our manifest has been updated; or we may have run @code{guix gc} and some packages needed by our manifest have been garbage-collected."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: enumerate
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2745
+msgid "Eventually, we set to work on that project again, so we run @code{guix environment -m manifest.scm}.  But now we have to wait for Guix to build and install stuff!"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2751
+msgid "Ideally, we could spare the rebuild time.  And indeed we can, all we need is to install the manifest to a profile and use @code{GUIX_PROFILE=/the/profile; . \"$GUIX_PROFILE\"/etc/profile} as explained above: this guarantees that our hacking environment will be available at all times."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2754
+msgid "@emph{Security warning:} While keeping old profiles around can be convenient, keep in mind that outdated packages may not have received the latest security fixes."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: subsection
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2755 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2756
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Reproducible profiles"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2759
+msgid "To reproduce a profile bit-for-bit, we need two pieces of information:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2763
+msgid "a manifest,"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: itemize
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2765
+msgid "a Guix channel specification."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2769
+msgid "Indeed, manifests alone might not be enough: different Guix versions (or different channels) can produce different outputs for a given manifest."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2773
+msgid "You can output the Guix channel specification with @samp{guix describe --format=channels}.  Save this to a file, say @samp{channel-specs.scm}."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2776
+msgid "On another computer, you can use the channel specification file and the manifest to reproduce the exact same profile:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2780
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES=$HOME/.guix-extra-profiles\n"
+"GUIX_EXTRA=$HOME/.guix-extra\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2783
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"mkdir \"$GUIX_EXTRA\"/my-project\n"
+"guix pull --channels=channel-specs.scm --profile \"$GUIX_EXTRA/my-project/guix\"\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2786
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"mkdir -p \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES/my-project\"\n"
+"\"$GUIX_EXTRA\"/my-project/guix/bin/guix package --manifest=/path/to/guix-my-project-manifest.scm --profile=\"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project/my-project\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2790
+msgid "It's safe to delete the Guix channel profile you've just installed with the channel specification, the project profile does not depend on it."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2797
+msgid "Guix provides multiple tools to manage environment.  This chapter demonstrate such utilities."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: section
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2800 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2802
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2803
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "Guix environment via direnv"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: menuentry
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2800
+msgid "Setup Guix environment with direnv"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2808
+msgid "Guix provides a @samp{direnv} package, which could extend shell after directory change.  This tool could be used to prepare a pure Guix environment."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2814
+msgid "The following example provides a shell function for @file{~/.direnvrc} file, which could be used from Guix Git repository in @file{~/src/guix/.envrc} file to setup a build environment similar to described in @pxref{Building from Git,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2816
+msgid "Create a @file{~/.direnvrc} with a Bash code:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2834
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"# Thanks <https://github.com/direnv/direnv/issues/73#issuecomment-152284914>\n"
+"export_function()\n"
+"@{\n"
+"  local name=$1\n"
+"  local alias_dir=$PWD/.direnv/aliases\n"
+"  mkdir -p \"$alias_dir\"\n"
+"  PATH_add \"$alias_dir\"\n"
+"  local target=\"$alias_dir/$name\"\n"
+"  if declare -f \"$name\" >/dev/null; then\n"
+"    echo \"#!$SHELL\" > \"$target\"\n"
+"    declare -f \"$name\" >> \"$target\" 2>/dev/null\n"
+"    # Notice that we add shell variables to the function trigger.\n"
+"    echo \"$name \\$*\" >> \"$target\"\n"
+"    chmod +x \"$target\"\n"
+"  fi\n"
+"@}\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2839
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"use_guix()\n"
+"@{\n"
+"    # Set GitHub token.\n"
+"    export GUIX_GITHUB_TOKEN=\"xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx\"\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2842
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"    # Unset 'GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH'.\n"
+"    export GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH=\"\"\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2851
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"    # Recreate a garbage collector root.\n"
+"    gcroots=\"$HOME/.config/guix/gcroots\"\n"
+"    mkdir -p \"$gcroots\"\n"
+"    gcroot=\"$gcroots/guix\"\n"
+"    if [ -L \"$gcroot\" ]\n"
+"    then\n"
+"        rm -v \"$gcroot\"\n"
+"    fi\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2866
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"    # Miscellaneous packages.\n"
+"    PACKAGES_MAINTENANCE=(\n"
+"        direnv\n"
+"        git\n"
+"        git:send-email\n"
+"        git-cal\n"
+"        gnupg\n"
+"        guile-colorized\n"
+"        guile-readline\n"
+"        less\n"
+"        ncurses\n"
+"        openssh\n"
+"        xdot\n"
+"    )\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2869
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"    # Environment packages.\n"
+"    PACKAGES=(help2man guile-sqlite3 guile-gcrypt)\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2872
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"    # Thanks <https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/guix-devel/2016-09/msg00859.html>\n"
+"    eval \"$(guix environment --search-paths --root=\"$gcroot\" --pure guix --ad-hoc $@{PACKAGES[@@]@} $@{PACKAGES_MAINTENANCE[@@]@} \"$@@\")\"\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2879
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"    # Predefine configure flags.\n"
+"    configure()\n"
+"    @{\n"
+"        ./configure --localstatedir=/var --prefix=\n"
+"    @}\n"
+"    export_function configure\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2890
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"    # Run make and optionally build something.\n"
+"    build()\n"
+"    @{\n"
+"        make -j 2\n"
+"        if [ $# -gt 0 ]\n"
+"        then\n"
+"            ./pre-inst-env guix build \"$@@\"\n"
+"        fi\n"
+"    @}\n"
+"    export_function build\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2897
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"    # Predefine push Git command.\n"
+"    push()\n"
+"    @{\n"
+"        git push --set-upstream origin\n"
+"    @}\n"
+"    export_function push\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2900
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"    clear                        # Clean up the screen.\n"
+"    git-cal --author='Your Name' # Show contributions calendar.\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: example
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2908
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"    # Show commands help.\n"
+"    echo \"\n"
+"build          build a package or just a project if no argument provided\n"
+"configure      run ./configure with predefined parameters\n"
+"push           push to upstream Git repository\n"
+"\"\n"
+"@}\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2912
+msgid "Every project containing @file{.envrc} with a string @code{use guix} will have predefined environment variables and procedures."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2914
+msgid "Run @command{direnv allow} to setup the environment for the first time."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2926
+msgid "Guix is based on the @uref{https://nixos.org/nix/, Nix package manager}, which was designed and implemented by Eelco Dolstra, with contributions from other people (see the @file{nix/AUTHORS} file in Guix.)  Nix pioneered functional package management, and promoted unprecedented features, such as transactional package upgrades and rollbacks, per-user profiles, and referentially transparent build processes.  Without this work, Guix would not exist."
+msgstr "Guix se base sur le @uref{https://nixos.org/nix/ gestionnaire de paquets Nix} conçu et implémenté par Eelco Dolstra, avec des contributions d'autres personnes (voir le fichier @file{nix/AUTHORS} dans Guix).  Nix a inventé la gestion de paquet fonctionnelle et promu des fonctionnalités sans précédents comme les mises à jour de paquets transactionnelles et les retours en arrière, les profils par utilisateurs et les processus de constructions transparents pour les références.  Sans ce travail, Guix n'existerait pas."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2929
+msgid "The Nix-based software distributions, Nixpkgs and NixOS, have also been an inspiration for Guix."
+msgstr "Les distributions logicielles basées sur Nix, Nixpkgs et NixOS, ont aussi été une inspiration pour Guix."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2935
+msgid "GNU@tie{}Guix itself is a collective work with contributions from a number of people.  See the @file{AUTHORS} file in Guix for more information on these fine people.  The @file{THANKS} file lists people who have helped by reporting bugs, taking care of the infrastructure, providing artwork and themes, making suggestions, and more---thank you!"
+msgstr "GNU@tie{}Guix lui-même est un travail collectif avec des contributions d'un grand nombre de personnes.  Voyez le fichier @file{AUTHORS} dans Guix pour plus d'information sur ces personnes de qualité.  Le fichier @file{THANKS} liste les personnes qui ont aidé en rapportant des bogues, en prenant soin de l'infrastructure, en fournissant des images et des thèmes, en faisant des suggestions et bien plus. Merci !"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2938
+msgid "This document includes adapted sections from articles that have previously been published on the Guix blog at @uref{https://guix.gnu.org/blog}."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: cindex
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2943
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "license, GNU Free Documentation License"
+msgstr "licence, GNU Free Documentation License"
+
+#. type: include
+#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2944
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "fdl-1.3.texi"
+msgstr "fdl-1.3.texi"
diff --git a/po/doc/local.mk b/po/doc/local.mk
index 751ea5a45f3..a3b90d359a9 100644
--- a/po/doc/local.mk
+++ b/po/doc/local.mk
@@ -24,7 +24,8 @@ DOC_PO_FILES=					\
   %D%/guix-manual.zh_CN.po
 
 DOC_COOKBOOK_PO_FILES=                                  \
-  %D%/guix-cookbook.de.po
+  %D%/guix-cookbook.de.po                               \
+  %D%/guix-cookbook.fr.po
 
 EXTRA_DIST = \
   %D%/guix-manual.pot \